Objective: The objective of this project is to gain a better understanding of co
ID: 3141589 • Letter: O
Question
Objective: The objective of this project is to gain a better understanding of common fallacies and explore how they show up in everyday life, and consider how they can influence your (or others) decision making.
For each fallacy you choose, you must:
1. Cite the reference of the fallacy.
2. Provide your reasoning as to why the statement is fallacious
3. Describe the intended audience and how the fallacious statement might affect their decision making.
A. Choose 1 of the three fallacies listed below and find a real like example that corresponds to it. Be sure to cite your reference.
a. Appeal to emotions
b. Appeal to popularity
c. Circular reasoning
B. Choose 1 of the three fallacies listed below and find a real like example that corresponds to it. Be sure to cite your reference.
a. Diversion
b. Personal Attack
c. False Cause
C. Choose 1 of the three fallacies listed below and find a real like example that corresponds to it. Be sure to cite your reference.
a. Limited choice
b. Appeal to ignorance
c. Straw man
Then, answer the following question: Which of the fallacies do you feel is the hardest to understand and/or identify and why?
Explanation / Answer
A)Appeal to emotions:
The reasoning contains the Fallacy of Appeal to Emotions when someone's appeal to you to accept their claim is accepted merely because the appeal arouses your feelings of anger, fear, grief, love, outrage, pity, pride, sexuality, sympathy, relief, and so forth. Example of appeal to relief from grief:
Example:[The speaker knows he is talking to an aggrieved person whose house is worth much more than $100,000.] You had a great job and didn't deserve to lose it. I wish I could help somehow. I do have one idea. Now your family needs financial security even more. You need cash. I can help you. Here is a check for $100,000. Just sign this standard sales agreement, and we can skip the realtors and all the headaches they would create at this critical time in your life.
There is nothing wrong with using emotions when you argue, but it's a mistake to use emotions as the key premises or as tools to downplay relevant information
B) False Cause
Improperly concluding that one thing is a cause of another. Its four principal kinds are the Post Hoc Fallacy, the Fallacy of Cum Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc, the Regression Fallacy, and the Fallacy of Reversing Causation.
Example:
My psychic adviser says to expect bad things when Mars is aligned with Jupiter. Tomorrow Mars will be aligned with Jupiter. So, if a dog were to bite me tomorrow, it would be because of the alignment of Mars with Jupiter.
c) Appeal to Ignorance
The Fallacy of Appeal to Ignorance comes in two forms: (1) Not knowing that a certain statement is true is taken to be a proof that it is false. (2) Not knowing that a statement is false is taken to be a proof that it is true. The fallacy occurs in cases where absence of evidence is not good enough evidence of absence. The fallacy uses an unjustified attempt to shift the burden of proof.
Example:
Nobody has ever proved to me there's a God, so I know there is no God.
This kind of reasoning is generally fallacious. It would be proper reasoning only if the proof attempts were quite thorough, and it were the case that, if the being or object were to exist, then there would be a discoverable proof of this.
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