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1. How do the first and second laws relate to cellular work? 2. Which answer bel

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Question

1.  How do the first and second laws relate to cellular work?

2. Which answer below best distinguishes potential and kinetic energy?

a) Glucose has more kinetic energy than it does potential energy

b) Glucose contains potential enetgy in its electrons and releases kinetic energy when passing them down the electron trnasport chain (ETC)

c) Glucose contains potential energy in its sweetness and releases kinetic energy when you taste it

d) Glucose has a high potential energy but very little kinetic energy

3. What is the main difference between a competitive and non-competitive (allosteric) inhibitor?

a) competitive inhibitors are always organic

b) allosteric inhibitors bind to the active site

c) competitive inhibitors bind to a remote part of the enzyme other than the active site

d) allosteric inhibitors bind to a remote part of the enzyme other than the active site

4. match

signal transduction pathway

Catilyze chemical reactions

Epinephrine induced a muscle cell to break down glycogen into glucose

blood-brain barrier

facilitative diffusion

Immune system's ability to recognize body cells from foreign invading cells

Intercellular Joining

Transport

Cell Signaling

Cell-cell Recognition

Enzymatic activity

Attachment to intra- or extra-cellular

5. When electrons from a sugar molecule are passed to oxygen, energy is released because

a.electrons are being transferred from a less stable molecule (sugar) to a more stable molecule (O2)

b.electrons are being transferred from a more stable molecule (sugar) to a less stable molecule (O2)

c.electrons movement always releases energy regardless of stability

The reason why we need to breathe in oxygen for cellular respiration is because

a.oxygen is one of the most stable molecules with electrons and its used by cells to cause redox reactions

b.oxygen is one of the most unstable molecules with electrons and its used by cells to cause redox reactions

c.oxygen has nothing to do with redox reactions and electron stability

6. In the figure, the molecule NADH

a. was produced as a nitrogenous waste of protein metabolism

b. was produced from the oxidization of food molecules, which transferred electrons to NAD+ to make NADH

c. was produced from Direct synthesis in the cytoplasm

As electrons are passed from NADH to the proteins in the electron transport chain

a. energy is released as electrons transfer to more stable molecules

b. energy is consumed as electrons transfer to more stable molecules

c. energy is constant as electrons move to equilibrium

The main result of passing electrons along the electron transport chain (ETC) is a

a. balance of chemicals in the reaction so the Conservation of Matter Law is not violated

b. release of energy that is used to pump hydrogen protons (H+) across the inner membrane into the inner membrane space

c. release of energy to make sugar molecules for ATP production

The production of ATP in this figure is accomplished by

a. the diffusion of electrons through the ETC which produces kinetic energy to reattach phosphates on to ADP to make ATP

b. the diffusion of H+ through ATP synthase which produces kinetic energy to reattach phosphates on to ADP to make ATP

c. the diffusion of H+ through the ETC which produces kinetic energy to reattach phosphates on to ADP to make ATP

Space between membranes Electron carrier Protein complex Inner mitochondrial membrane FADH2 FAD Electron flow 22+2 H NADH NAD ADP P ATP Matrix Electron transport chain ATP synthase © 2013 pearson Education ine

Explanation / Answer

1. The first law is energy can only be converted from one form to the other, therefore in the breakdown of glucose 40% potential energy is converted to ATP and 60% is converted to thermal and unusable.

The second law is intimately linked to the thermodynamics of the breakdown of glucose. By the thermodynamics of the breakdown of glucose.

2.b)  Glucose contains potential enetgy in its electrons and releases kinetic energy when passing them down the electron trnasport chain (ETC).

3. c) competitive inhibitors bind to a remote part of the enzyme other than the active site.

5. b.electrons are being transferred from a more stable molecule (sugar) to a less stable molecule (O2).