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To test the effectiveness of a treatment, a sample is selected from a normal pop

ID: 3133082 • Letter: T

Question

To test the effectiveness of a treatment, a sample is selected from a normal population with a mean of = 40 and a standard deviation of = 12. After the treatment is administered to the individuals in the sample, the sample mean is found to be M = 46.

(a) If the sample consists of n = 4 individuals, is this result sufficient to conclude that there is a significant treatment effect? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 2 decimal places.)

-critical = ±

z=

Conclusion

Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.    

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

If the sample consists of n = 36 individuals, is this result sufficient to conclude that there is a significant treatment effect? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 2 decimal places.)

-critical = ±

z=

Conclusion

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.    

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

(c) Compute Cohen's d to measure effect size for both tests (n = 4 and n = 36). (Use 2 decimal places.)

n = 4

n = 36

(d) Briefly describe how sample size influences the outcome of the hypothesis test. How does sample size influence measures of effect size?

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has no influence on Cohen's d.

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has a decreasing effect on Cohen's d.    

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis and increases Cohen's d.

A larger sample reduces the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has no influence on Cohen's d.

Explanation / Answer

Testing of hypothesis and Cohen’s d

To test the effectiveness of a treatment, a sample is selected from a normal population with a mean of = 40 and a standard deviation of = 12. After the treatment is administered to the individuals in the sample, the sample mean is found to be M = 46.

(a) If the sample consists of n = 4 individuals, is this result sufficient to conclude that there is a significant treatment effect? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 2 decimal places.)

-critical = ±

z=1.96

Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean

Data

Null Hypothesis                       m=

40

Level of Significance

0.05

Population Standard Deviation

12

Sample Size

4

Sample Mean

46

Intermediate Calculations

Standard Error of the Mean

6.0000

Z Test Statistic

1.0000

Two-Tail Test

Lower Critical Value

-1.9600

Upper Critical Value

1.9600

p-Value

0.3173

Do not reject the null hypothesis

Conclusion

Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Correct Answer: Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

If the sample consists of n = 36 individuals, is this result sufficient to conclude that there is a significant treatment effect? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 2 decimal places.)

-critical = ±

z=1.96

Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean

Data

Null Hypothesis                       m=

40

Level of Significance

0.05

Population Standard Deviation

12

Sample Size

36

Sample Mean

46

Intermediate Calculations

Standard Error of the Mean

2.0000

Z Test Statistic

3.0000

Two-Tail Test

Lower Critical Value

-1.9600

Upper Critical Value

1.9600

p-Value

0.0027

Reject the null hypothesis

Conclusion

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant treatment effect.

Correct Answer: Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant treatment effect.

(c) Compute Cohen's d to measure effect size for both tests (n = 4 and n = 36). (Use 2 decimal places.)

n = 4

Cohen’s d = (46 – 40) / 6 = 1.00

n = 36

Cohen’s d = (46 – 40) / 2 = 3.00

(d) Briefly describe how sample size influences the outcome of the hypothesis test. How does sample size influence measures of effect size?

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has no influence on Cohen's d.

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has a decreasing effect on Cohen's d.

A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis and increases Cohen's d.

A larger sample reduces the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has no influence on Cohen's d.

Correct Answer: A larger sample increases the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis, but has a decreasing effect on Cohen's d.

Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean

Data

Null Hypothesis                       m=

40

Level of Significance

0.05

Population Standard Deviation

12

Sample Size

4

Sample Mean

46

Intermediate Calculations

Standard Error of the Mean

6.0000

Z Test Statistic

1.0000

Two-Tail Test

Lower Critical Value

-1.9600

Upper Critical Value

1.9600

p-Value

0.3173

Do not reject the null hypothesis

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