A recent experiment investigated the relationship between smoking and urinary in

ID: 3129746 • Letter: A

Question

A recent experiment investigated the relationship between smoking and urinary

incontinence. Of the 322 subjects in the study who were incontinent, 113 were

smokers, 51 were former smokers, and 158 had never smoked. Of the 284

control subjects who were not in- continent, 68 were smokers, 23 were former

smokers, and 193 had never smoked.

a. Create a table displaying this data.

b. What is the expected frequency in each cell?

c. Conduct a significance test to see if there is a relationship between smoking

and incontinence. What Chi Square value do you get? What p value do you get?

Ho:there is no relationship between smoking and incontinence. H1:there is a relationship between smoking and incontinence.

Chi-square(calculated value)=22.98 and chi-square(tabulated value at 5% level of significance at [(2-1)*(3-1)]=2 degrees of freedom) = 5.991.

Chi-square(cal)>chi-square(table), so Ho is rejected.

Therefore, there is a relationship between smoking and incontinence.

Smokers former smoker had never smoked total Incontinent 113 51 158 322 Not incontinent 68 23 193 284 181 74 351 606

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