The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for informed consen
ID: 3128840 • Letter: T
Question
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for informed consent state that, “An investigator shall seek such consent only under circumstances that provide the prospective subject or the representative sufficient opportunity to consider whether or not to participate and that minimize the possibility of coercion or undue influence.” Coercion occurs when an overt or implicit threat of harm is intentionally presented by one person to another in order to obtain compliance. Which of the following circumstances do you believe constitutes coercion?
a--An employer asks employees to participate in a research study. Although the employer has assured employees that participation is voluntary, several employees are concerned that a decision not to participate could affect performance evaluations or job advancement
b--Both circumstances constitute coercion.
c--Neither of the circumstances constitute coercion.
d--An investigator tells a prospective subject that she or he will lose access to needed health services if she or he does not participate in the research.
A large representative random sample of 6906 U.S. adults collected over 20 years showed that "parents reported higher levels of life satisfaction than nonparents," with the observed difference in life satisfaction between the two groups being statistically significant.
We can conclude that:
a--having children leads to higher levels of life satisfaction. We can reach this conclusion because we have both a large and a representative sample
b--having children leads to higher levels of life satisfaction. We can reach this conclusion because we have a representative sample
c--parents tend to have higher satisfaction in their lives than nonparents
a--An employer asks employees to participate in a research study. Although the employer has assured employees that participation is voluntary, several employees are concerned that a decision not to participate could affect performance evaluations or job advancement
b--Both circumstances constitute coercion.
c--Neither of the circumstances constitute coercion.
d--An investigator tells a prospective subject that she or he will lose access to needed health services if she or he does not participate in the research.
A large representative random sample of 6906 U.S. adults collected over 20 years showed that "parents reported higher levels of life satisfaction than nonparents," with the observed difference in life satisfaction between the two groups being statistically significant.
We can conclude that:
a--having children leads to higher levels of life satisfaction. We can reach this conclusion because we have both a large and a representative sample
b--having children leads to higher levels of life satisfaction. We can reach this conclusion because we have a representative sample
c--parents tend to have higher satisfaction in their lives than nonparents
Explanation / Answer
The given question is about the coercion effect for the two variables under study.
Now coercion is an effect where one person intentionally presents a threat to obtain complaince.Hence the option in which coercion effect is observed is,
b--Both circumstances constitute coercion.,
since in both the cases a force is present for making the people participate in the study, as it might affect their job.
In the second case where the sample was studied and given a decision,
b--having children leads to higher levels of life satisfaction. We can reach this conclusion because we have a representative sample,
since the obtained sample suggests that parents reported higher levels of life satisfaction, than nonparents, and the sample is quite a representative of the population, but it is not quite large.
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