The following sentences summarize the process of DNA replication. Fill in the mi

Question

The following sentences summarize the process of DNA replication. Fill in the missing terms to complete the sentences.

a. The enzyme _________ removes the tension by unwinding the double helix.

b. The enzyme _________ breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands, resulting in an unzipped helix that terminates at the _________________.

c. ________________ attach themselves to the individual DNA strands to prevent them from reforming hydrogen bonds.

d. The enzyme ___________ lays down RNA nucleotides that will be used by ____________ as a starting point to begin synthesis of the new DNA strand.

e. Using the template strand as a guide, __________________ adds DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand.

f. Replication can proceed continuously with the ___________ strand while the ___________ strand must be made in discontinuous segments called _____________.

g. _______________ removes the RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides. _______________ joins the segments together by forming a _________________ bond between the nucleotides on the ends of the segments.

h. _________________ and ______________ proofread the newly formed strand and remove and replace any incorrectly paired nucleotides.

Explanation / Answer

a. The enzyme DNA gyrase (type II topoisomerase) removes the tension by unwinding the double helix.

b. The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands, resulting in an unzipped helix that terminates at the replication fork.

c. Single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) attach themselves to the individual DNA strands to prevent them from reforming hydrogen bonds.

d. The enzyme DNA primase lays down RNA nucleotides that will be used by DNA polymerase III as a starting point to begin synthesis of the new DNA strand.

e. Using the template strand as a guide, DNA polymerase III adds DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand.

f. Replication can proceed continuously with the leading strand while the lagging strand must be made in discontinuous segments called Okazaki fragments.

g. DNA polymerase I removes the RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides. DNA ligase joins the segments together by forming a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides on the ends of the segments.

h. DNA polymerase I and DNA Polymrase III proofread the newly formed strand and remove and replace any incorrectly paired nucleotides.

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