containing only the 3-V voltage source, the 1- Ohm resistor, and vx yields -3 +

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containing only the 3-V voltage source, the 1- Ohm resistor, and vx yields -3 + 1i + vx = 0 vx = 3 - i (4.7.2) Substituting this into Eq. (4.7.1), we obtain 15 + 5i + 3 - i = 0 i = -4.5A Alternatively, we may apply KVL to the loop containing vx, the 4-Ohm resistor, the voltage-controlled dependent voltage source, and the 18-V voltage source in Fig. 4.21(b). We obtain -vx + 4i + vx + 18 = 0 i = -4.5 A Thus, vx = 3 - i = 7.5 V. Use source transformation to find ix in the circuit shown in Fig. 4.22. Answer: 1.176 A. Figure 4.12 For Practice Prob. 4.7. It often occurs in practice that a particular element in a circuit is variable (usually called the load) while other elements are fixed. As a typical example a household outlet terminal may be connected to different appliances constituting a variable load. Bach time the variable element is

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