14.-/1.25 points Do left-handed people live shorter lives than right-handed peop

Question

14.-/1.25 points Do left-handed people live shorter lives than right-handed people? A study of this question examined a sample of 949 death records and contacted next of kin to determine handedness. Note that there are many possible definitions of "left-handed. The researchers examined the effects of different definitions on the results of their analysis and found that their conclusions were not sensitive to the exact definition used. For the results presented here, people were defined to be right-handed if they wrote, drew, and threw a ball with the right hand. All others were defined to be left-handed. People were classified by gender (female or male) and handedness (left or right), and a 2 x 2 ANOVA was run with the age at death as the response variable. The F statistics were 22.36 (handedness), 37.44 (gender), and 2.10 (interaction). The following marginal mean ages at death (in years) were reported: 77.39 (females), 71.32 (males), 75.00 (right-handed), and 66.03 (left-handed). (a) For each of the F statistics given, find the degrees of freedom and an approximate P-value. Round your p-values to 3 decimal places. Handedness Degrees of Freedom Handedness P-Value Gender Degrees of Freedom Gender P-Value Interaction Degrees of Freedom Interaction P-Value What can you conclude from this study? Choose all that apply. Right handed people live about 9 years longer than left-handed people Women live about 9 years longer than men. D Women live about 6 years longer than men. Handedness affects the genders differently (there is an interaction). Right handed people live about 6 years longer than left-handed people. Handedness affects both genders in the same way (there is no interaction).

Explanation / Answer

(a)

Since there are two different groups in gender (male and female) and two different groups in handedness (left and right), the degress of freedom for both handedness and gender will be:
( 2 - 1 ) = 1. The interaction (handness*gender) degrees of freedom is (2-1)(2-1) = 1.

The within degrees of freedom is 949-1-1-1 = 946.

Thus, To find the p-value we need to refer to the F-table.

(b)

The summary is that both handedness and gender have statistically significant effects on how long a person lives. However, the interactions between handedness and gender does not have a statistically significant effect on age.

Therefore, using the above results and considering the given marginal mean ages at death, we can conclude:

• We can conclude that both handedness and gender affect age but the relationship between handedness and gender does not affect age.

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