Questions: 2 to 7: 2: A study was conducted to determine whether the occurrence
ID: 3064761 • Letter: Q
Question
Questions: 2 to 7:
2: A study was conducted to determine whether the occurrence of Hepatitis B infection (HBI) varies between 3 of the provinces of Saudi Arabia. The study recruited 2155 1593 and 7838 residents of the west, central and east provinces. The proportions of HBI were 6.9%, 13.8% and 11.0% respectively. The results are shown in the table:
Table: Proportion of HBI among residents of three provinces of the nation, 1997.
HBI
Province
West Center East Total
Yes
149 (6.9%)
220 (13.8%)
862 (11.0%)
1231 (10.6%)
No
2006 (93.1%
1373 (86.2%)
6976 (89.0%)
10355 (89.4%)
Total
2155 (18.6%)
1593 (13.8%)
7838 (13.8%)
11586 (100%)
The above table is of which dimension?
5 x 5 contingency table.
5 x 4 contingency table.
3 x 4 contingency table.
2 x 3 contingency table.
3 x 2 contingency table.
The outcome and exposure variable are:
Both nominal variables.
Both ratio variables. c.
The outcome variable is a ratio variable and exposure variable is a nominal variable.
The outcome variable is a ratio variable and the exposure variable is an ordinal variable.
The outcome variable is an interval variable and the exposure variable is an ordinal variable.
The appropriate statistical procedure for analyzing the data obtained in this study is:
t-test, dependent samples.
t-test, independent samples.
Fisher's exact test d. Chi-square test.
It cannot be determined.
5. The null hypothesis (Ho) for this study is:
a.Proportion of HBI is lower among people of the west province than that of the people of the other two provinces.
b.An association exists between HBI and the provinces.
c.Proportions of HBI are equal to each other in all three provinces.
d.Proportion of HBI is higher among people of the central province than that of the people of other two provinces.
e.Cannot be determined.
6. given the calculated value of test statistic for this study is 49.42, and the XXXX_critical value is 5.99 for 0.05 level of significance, what is the most appropriate conclusion:
a.Proportions of HBI are significantly different between the subjects of the three provinces
(P < 0.05).
b.Proportions of HBI are not significantly different among the subjects of the three provinces (P > 0.05).
c.Only chance can explain the differences in proportions of HBI among the populations of three provinces (P < 0.05).
d.It is certain that province has no effect on proportion of HBI (P>0.05).
e.None of the above is correct.
7. Administrator of Private Hospital wished to know whether the average stay at their hospital differed from the average stay at a nearby General Hospital:
Random sample of 100 medical records from the Private Hospital for the year XX showed a mean hospital stay of 6.6 days, and a standard deviation of 2.5days.
Random sample of 100 medical records from the nearby General Hospital for year 1995 showed a mean hospital stay of 5.7 days, and a standard deviation of 2.0 days.
Select the appropriate statistical test for analyzing the data:
a.T-test for two group means.
b.Z-test for two means.
c.Chi-square test.
d.Corrolation.
e.None of the above.
8. Study of traffic accident victims is conducted to determine if illegal drug level in blood taken from left femoral artery and left coronary artery differ.
So traffic accident victims were selected. Blood samples are drawn from both arteries of each victim. The research question is "Does the mean blood illegal drug level in the sample drawn from the left femoral artery differ significantly from the mean blood illegal drug level drawn from the left coronary artery??".
Select the appropriate statistical test for analyzing the data:
a.T-test paired samples.
b.Z-test.
c.Chi-square test.
d.T-test independent samples.
e.It cannot be determined.
9.Two groups of diabetic patients were XXXXXXX females and the second group 50 males. All 100 subjects administered the anti-diabetic drug for a month. The drug's efficiency on controlling the XXXXXX measured using a recovery scale: full recovery, partial recovery, and no recovery, The statistical tests used to measure the association between sex and the XXXX the drug is:
Chi-square test.
Independent t-test.
Dependent t-test.
Z-test.
Correlation coefficient.
10. An appropriate statistical test will be selected based on:
type of variables in the data set
Number of groups being compared
Sample size
Number of groups being compared and sample size.
Type of variables, Number of groups being compared and sample size.
11. Equal terms of Type-I and Type-II errors in diagnostic table are:
False positive and true positive.
False positive and false negative.
False positive and true negative.
True positive and true negative.
None of the above.
12. The width of confidence intervals depends on:
Sample size, and standard deviation.
Sample size, and level of confidence factor. Sample size, standard deviation and level of confidence factor.
Only sample size.
None of the above.
13. The diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of a group of young men are normally distributed with mean 70 mmHg and a standard deviation of 10 mmHg of the men will have DBP between:
50 mmHg and 90 mmHg.
60 mmHg and 80 mmHg.
40 mmHg and 70 mmHg.
80 mmHg and 100 mmHg.
65 mmHg and 75 mmHg.
14. The following is not a statistical test:
Student's t-test.
Z-test.
Karl pearson correlation coefficient.
Inter-quartile range.
McNemar's chi-square test
15. Researchers develop a simple regression model with diastolic blood pressure as the dependent variable and height as the independent variable. They determine that R squared is 68%. Select the best statement:
68% of the variability in diastolic blood pressure is accounted for by height.
68% of the variability in height is accounted for by diastolic blood pressure.
One standard deviation below and above R squared contains 68% of the heights.
The R squared is at the 68th percentile of the distribution of diastolic blood pressures.
As diastolic blood pressure is continuous variable, the researchers should USE logistic regression model.
16. Blood types can be A,B,AB and O. An individual cannot have two blood type. A researcher determines the frequency of these blood types in a group of 150 medical students. Select the best statement:
The researcher might need to perform a transformation on the data results.
Blood types are an example of nominal data.
It would be appropriate to perform ANOVA if the researcher wanted to assess the proportion of blood types of sex.
Blood types are example of ordinal data.
The standard error of the mean can be calculated for these frequencies according to the formula of the standard deviation divided by the square root of n.
17. If a population's resting heart rate is normally distributed with a mean XXXX of beats/min and standard deviation of 10, what proportion of people who are selected at random will have heart rate of less than or equal to 90 beats/min:
50.00%.
4.13%.
97.72% .
01.83%.
2.82%.
18. Researchers conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine if Medicine A is better than Medicine B in preventing MIs women with heart disease over the age of 60. The researchers determined that a sample size of 100 would be necessary to have an 80% probability of detecting a true difference of 10% or larger between the two groups. Alpha was set at 0.05. The study results showed that 10% of the women on Medicine A had an MI and 5% of the women on Medicine B had an MI with p=0.30. Select the best statement:
MAPEE MA’ALOOOOOM ….
“May be True False”
Median is affected by extreme values
Histogram is drawn for continuous variable only
Standard deviation can be negative sometimes
Level of significance =1 -
Accept Null Hypothesis when table value is more than calculated value
III. The following is the output of analysis by using SPSS software. Using this output answer the following questions: (6 Marks)
Group Statistics
Gender
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Duration fo Diabetes Male
Female
439
442
14.02
13.70
6.687
6.918
.379
.329
t-test Equality of means
t
Df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval of Difference
Lower
Upper
.706
879
.480
.324
.458
-.576
XXXX
Comment on the statistical significance, using the absolute mean difference of duration of diabetes between mate and female study subjects.
Comment on the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference of duration of diabetes of male and female study subjects.
What statistical test was used here to compare mean duration of diabetes and comment on its appropriateness.
19. When the chi-square test for statistical analysis of a 2X 2 contingency table is used, the null hypothesis is:
That p is < 0.05
That the row and column totals ar the same
That the two means do not differ
That the two variables are not associated to each other
That the two variances do not differ.
20. A Randomized trial comparing efficacy of two regimens showed that the XXX
significant with p = 0.02. But in reality the two drugs do not differ in their XXX
This is an example of:
Type I error (alpha error).
Type II error (Beta-error).
I — Alpha.
1 — Beta.
21 . Dual Photon is a method for measuring the mineral content in the bone.
The result of measurement on 36 patients are as follows:
High=4, low=12, borderline=9, normal=11.
The most appropriate graphical aid to present this result is:
Histogram
Bar chart
Pie chart
Frequency polygon
Both bar and pie chart.
22. A 62-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department by ambulance during
an episode of chest pain. The initial evaluation is performed by a triage nurse, who
reports to emergency department attending clinician that the patient's pain is
probably angina and to be severe. This characterization of pain as "SEVERE " is
Dichotomous.
Nominal.
Ordinal.
Paraametic.
Qualitative.
23. In the linear regression equation Y=a+bx, the term used to represent the slope is:
a. a b. b c. both a & b d. x e. y
24. Which one of the following characteristics of a diagnostic test is
analogous(similar) to the statistical power of a study?
Posiitive predictive value.
Negative predictive value
xXxXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
HBI
Province
West Center East Total
Yes
149 (6.9%)
220 (13.8%)
862 (11.0%)
1231 (10.6%)
No
2006 (93.1%
1373 (86.2%)
6976 (89.0%)
10355 (89.4%)
Total
2155 (18.6%)
1593 (13.8%)
7838 (13.8%)
11586 (100%)
Explanation / Answer
2) it has 2 rows and 3 columns. So it is 2X3 contingency
The outcome and exposure variable are:
Both nominal variables.
So the appropriate test is Chi square test.
5)
Ho : Proportions of HBI are equal to each other in all three provinces.
6)
Proportions of HBI are significantly different between the subjects of the three provinces
(P < 0.05).
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