1. Did the discomfort of the nursing assistants change significantly from pretes
ID: 3062509 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Did the discomfort of the nursing assistants change significantly from pretest to posttest? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 2. Should the null hypothesis regarding the change in the registered nurses' level of discomfort be rejected? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 3. If the findings are correct, would it be desirable to use the training with all types of nurses in the future? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 4. The authors could not use a control group. Is this a limitation of the study? Explain. 1. Did the discomfort of the nursing assistants change significantly from pretest to posttest? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 2. Should the null hypothesis regarding the change in the registered nurses' level of discomfort be rejected? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 3. If the findings are correct, would it be desirable to use the training with all types of nurses in the future? Explain using specific information given in either the image above (if relevant) or in useful statistical information and excerpt from the article page. Be specific - use the data provided. 4. The authors could not use a control group. Is this a limitation of the study? Explain. Excerpt from the Article The participants in this study were the 62 members of the nursing staff working in a 47-bed Department of Veterans Affairs spinal cord injury center. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the training course in Ireducing discomfort when engaging in difficult] staff interactions A behavioral approach was selected as the basis for the training. It consisted of a combination of techniques such as lecture and discussion, modeling, and behavior rehearsal, with feedback provided by group members and the trainers... The study included the Spinal Cord Injury Assertiveness Inventory (SCIAID as preprogram and postprogram measures to assess the effectiveness of the training,-At the request of the nurse managers, all nursing staff participated in the training, so we had no control group. A repeated measures ANOVA on the total score of the SCIAI showed no simple effect fie, main effect, p 1069] related to the time of testing [ie., the mean on the pretest (M-2.40) for all participants was not significantly different from the mean on the posttest for all participants (M-227). However, when we examined the participants' education, we found a statistically significant interaction of testing and education (F2.58-3468, P·.0378) (see Fig-ure 1). After the dass, the NAs (nursing a high school education, showed an increased discomfort level, whereas the iscomfort level of the LVNs (licensed vocational nurses) and the RNs (registered nurses) decreased However, paired, tests on the various groups data exhibited a statistically signifcant change in their discomfort level related to time of testing. that only the RNs (t 2.692, df- 36.p .0107) Nursing assistants 2.8 27 2.6 25 H O Licensed vocationalnurses Registered nurses 24 23 Pretest Postest Time of Testing Pietane Z. Interaction between time of testing pretesi vs. posl. 1est) and educational levelExplanation / Answer
Answer to the question# 1)
There are three category of nurses: nursing assitants (NA) , Licensed vocational nurses (LVN) and registered nurses (RN).
As stated in the article, the discomfort level of NA increased from pretest to posttest
For LVN and RN, the discomfort level decreased from pretest to posttest
But the only statistical information to state the significance is provided for RN. For registered nurses (RN) the test statistic value t = 2.692, with df = 36 and p value = 0.0107
Since the P value is very small, this indicates that from pretest to posttest the discomfort level of the registered nurses has changed significantly.
For the remaining two groups NA and LVN the change is not significant.
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Answer to question# 2)
Since for registered nurses the change in discomfort level is considered to be significant, be definitely yes reject the null hypothesis. P value = 0.0107
P value 0.0107 < singificance level 0.05, thus we conclude to reject the null hypothesis and consider that there is significant evidence to support the claim that the change in discomfort level is significant with respect to time of testing.
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Answer to question# 3)
If the findings are correct , then we can conclude that the use of training has been effective only for the registered nurses. Only registered nurses have shown a significant decrease in the discomfort level after receiving the training.
For the Nursing assitants (NA) and licensed vocational nurses (LVN) there is no significant change in the discomfort level after receiving the training. Hence it shows that the training if not effective for these two groups, and hence there is no point imparting training to these groups of nurse.
Thus it is not desirable to use the training with all the types of nurses in the future.
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Answer to question# 4)
The use of control group, helps the researcher know the true effect of the treatment. It helps compare the treatment group to the control group. This helps remove the effect of the extraneuous factors present in the enviornment, and highlight the effect of treatment only. In this case it would have highlighted the effect of the training exclusive of other environmental factors, which may have influenced the research process.
Thus yes, it is a limitation of the study that no control group could be used in it.
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