5.2.7 To investigate whether giving chest-compression-only (CC) instructions rat
ID: 3061254 • Letter: 5
Question
5.2.7 To investigate whether giving chest-compression-only (CC) instructions rather than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions to the witness of a heart attack will improve the victim's chance of surviving, researchers Hupfl et. al. (The Lancet, 2010) combined the results from three randomized experiments. In each experiment, the emergency services dispatcher randomly assigned either CC or CPR instructions to the bystander who was at the site where a person had just experienced a heart attack. They found that of the 1,500 cases where CC instructions had been given, 211 people had survived, whereas of the 1,531 cases where standard CPR instructions had been given, the number was 178.
Here are the data organized in a 2 x 2 table:
A. Identify the observational units. Choose one.
a. Whether given CC or CPR instructions.
b. Whether heart attack victim survived or not.
c. Cases of heart attacks where emergency services were contacted.
d. Those people who survived.
B. What is the primary purpose of random assignment in this type of study? Choose one.
a. To ensure that subjects are representative of the population of interest.
b. To ensure that the groups are of equal sizes.
c. To create treatment groups that are alike in all aspects except for the treatment administered.
d. To improve accuracy of results.
C. Identify the explanatory variable. Choose one.
a. Whether given CC or CPR instructions.
b. Whether heart attack victim survived or not.
c. Cases of heart attacks where emergency services were contacted.
d. Those people who survived.
D. Identify the response variable. Choose one.
a. Whether given CC or CPR instructions.
b. Whether heart attack victim survived or not.
c. Cases of heart attacks where emergency services were contacted.
d. Those people who survived.
CPR Total 389 No 1,289 1,3532,642 1,500 1,531 3,031 Yes 211 178 Survived? TotalExplanation / Answer
A. Observational unit (The unit/group/person on which experiment is conducted) - (c) Cases of heart attacks where emergency services were contacted
B. Primary purpose of random assignment - (c) To create treatment groups that are alike in all aspects except for the treatment administered
C. Explanatory variable (The variable that is manipulated by the researcher) - (a) Whether given CC or CPR instructions.
D. Response variable (The variable that is affected by the explanatory variable) - (b) Whether heart attack victim survived or not.
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