Lesson 1: Introduction to Statistics You have earned 5 point/s) out of 6 point(s

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Lesson 1: Introduction to Statistics You have earned 5 point/s) out of 6 point(s) thus far A Finnish study followed the development of 5,966 boys beginning before their birth and found that the incidence of delinquency (as defined by criminal record by the age of 22 was more than doubled among the sons 10.3% of mothers who smoked during their pregnancies compared with the sons (45%) of the mothers who did not. One theory is that maternal smoking may be symptomatic of a certain lifestyle and norm- breaking behavior, which are likely to increase delinquency in the children (rather than the smoking itself being the direct causal agent). This is supported by the lack of a clear relationship between the amount of smoking and the amount of delinquency as well as the fact that mothers who stopped smoking during the first trimester of the pregnancy had only a slightly smaller incidence of delinquency than those who continued. (Source: P. Rantakallio, et al. 1996. "Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Delinquency of the Offspring: An Association without Causation? "21(6): 1106-1113.) Using the scenario above, identify the independent variable Your answer

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Lesson 1: Introduction to Statistics You have earned 5 point/s) out of 6 point(s) thus far A Finnish study followed the development of 5,966 boys beginning before their birth and found that the incidence of delinquency (as defined by criminal record by the age of 22 was more than doubled among the sons 10.3% of mothers who smoked during their pregnancies compared with the sons (45%) of the mothers who did not. One theory is that maternal smoking may be symptomatic of a certain lifestyle and norm- breaking behavior, which are likely to increase delinquency in the children (rather than the smoking itself being the direct causal agent). This is supported by the lack of a clear relationship between the amount of smoking and the amount of delinquency as well as the fact that mothers who stopped smoking during the first trimester of the pregnancy had only a slightly smaller incidence of delinquency than those who continued. (Source: P. Rantakallio, et al. 1996. "Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Delinquency of the Offspring: An Association without Causation? "21(6): 1106-1113.) Using the scenario above, identify the independent variable Your answer

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