A study by Seligman, Nolen-Hoeksema, Thornton, and Thornton (1990), referenced i

Question

A study by Seligman, Nolen-Hoeksema, Thornton, and Thornton (1990), referenced in the text, asked collegiate swimmers to swim their favorite event. Each swimmer was then incorrectly told that their time was noticeably slower than it actually was. Theory suggested that more optimistic subjects would do equally well or better on the next trial, while pessimistic subjects would do worse. The data follow, where Ratio refers to the ratio of Time 2 to Time 1, Optim is a measure of optimism, and Group = 1 for Pessimists and 2 for Optimists.

Ratio Optim Group

0.9833 10 1

1.0447 9 1

1.0323 12 1

0.9846 13 2

1.1075 13 2

1.0748 11 1

1.0435 17 2

0.9518 15 2

0.9980 13 2

0.9139 11 1

0.9548 11 1

1.0017 12 2

1.0771 13 2

0.9749 9 1

1.0255 14 2

1.0454 13 2

0.9619 11 1

0.9441 9 1

0.9658 15 2

1.0410 12 1

0.9226 13 2

1.0000 13 2

0.9313 11 1

0.9363 10 1

0.9985 11 1

0.8719 11 1

1.0029 14 2

0.9344 14 2

0.9450 10 1

1.0098 14 2

0.8640 7 1

1.0645 15 2

1.0525 15 2

1. What is the population of interest? How many people are in this sample?

2. What are the independent and dependent variables?

Explanation / Answer

A study by Seligman, Nolen-Hoeksema, Thornton, and Thornton (1990), referenced in the text, asked collegiate swimmers to swim their favorite event. Each swimmer was then incorrectly told that their time was noticeably slower than it actually was. Theory suggested that more optimistic subjects would do equally well or better on the next trial, while pessimistic subjects would do worse. The data follow, where Ratio refers to the ratio of Time 2 to Time 1, Optim is a measure of optimism, and Group = 1 for Pessimists and 2 for Optimists.

Ratio Optim Group

0.9833 10 1

1.0447 9 1

1.0323 12 1

0.9846 13 2

1.1075 13 2

1.0748 11 1

1.0435 17 2

0.9518 15 2

0.9980 13 2

0.9139 11 1

0.9548 11 1

1.0017 12 2

1.0771 13 2

0.9749 9 1

1.0255 14 2

1.0454 13 2

0.9619 11 1

0.9441 9 1

0.9658 15 2

1.0410 12 1

0.9226 13 2

1.0000 13 2

0.9313 11 1

0.9363 10 1

0.9985 11 1

0.8719 11 1

1.0029 14 2

0.9344 14 2

0.9450 10 1

1.0098 14 2

0.8640 7 1

1.0645 15 2

1.0525 15 2

1. What is the population of interest? How many people are in this sample?

2. What are the independent and dependent variables?

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