3)Consider the following example of a fallacy. Complete parts a and b below. Ove

Question

3)Consider the following example of a fallacy. Complete parts a and b below. Over fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets Therefore, life in the universe only exists on the planet earth. a) Identified the premise and conclusion of the argument. Choose the correct answer below. A) Premise: Over fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. Conclusion: Life in the universe only exists on earth B) Premise: Over fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. Conclusion: Earth life is very lively. C) Premise: Life in the universe may not be confined to earth. Conclusion: Over fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. D) Premise: Life in the universe must be confined to earth. Conclusion: Fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. b) Briefly describe how the stated fallacy occurs in the argument. A) The conclusion is stated as if it were the only possible conclusion B) The premise is stated according to a lack of evidence the opposite of the conclusion. C) The conclusion is stated as if it were caused by the premise. D) The premise directs attention away from the conclusion.

Explanation / Answer

a)

The premise will be the statement which has been already established to be true. A conclusion is a statement which can be inferred logically based on the premise.

In this case the first statement is a premise and the second statement is a conclusion. Hence the correct option is ,

A)

Premise : Over fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets.

Conclusion : Life in the universe exists only on earth.

b)

The correct option would be given by,

B) The premise is stated according to a lack of evidence the opposite of the conclusion.

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