Today there are 195 sovereign countries in the world that are officially recogni

Question

Today there are 195 sovereign countries in the world that are officially recognized. One can choose to look at many types of data coming from these countries, as there is a plethora of existing information. For this assignment you will be looking at populations of cities within Brazil at four different times (depending on when a census was taken). The data for these cities can be found in the file named Populations. Use all of the data points for each of the years given, but please note that not every city has a population for each census.

Prepare a report (see below) using the numerical methods of descriptive statistics presented in this module to show how the populations of the cities vary over the years (growth rates). Be sure to include the following three (3) items in your report.

Compute descriptive statistics for each of the years along with an explanation of what the descriptive statistics tell us about the different years. Are they continually growing, or is there a decrease in the number of people? The descriptive statistics will include the mean, mode, range, standard deviation, and the 5-number summary (minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum).

Determine which cities, if any, should be considered outliers in each of the years? If there are any outliers in any year, please list them and state for which year each one is an outlier. Use the z-score method to determine outliers for this question showing the z-score calculations for each city and year in your spreadsheet.

Determine the correlation coefficient between the first year and each of the other years. Please provide an explanation of the relationships. Show your calculations for each correlation coefficient within the spreadsheet.

Brazil Cities Name Administrative Regions Population Population Population Population 1/Sep/1991 1/Aug/2000 1/Aug/2010 1/Jul/2014 Águas Lindas de Goiás GO … 105,583 159,138 182,251 Alagoinhas BA 99,508 112,440 124,042 134,188 Almirante Tamandaré PR 59,080 84,755 98,892 106,924 Alvorada RS 141,881 183,365 195,673 205,683 Americana SP 153,653 182,159 209,654 225,910 Ananindeua PA … 392,627 470,819 498,547 Anápolis GO 226,925 280,164 328,755 355,654 Angra dos Reis RJ 78,445 114,300 163,290 178,153 Aparecida de Goiânia GO 175,555 335,547 455,193 510,802 Apucarana PR 86,079 100,249 114,098 121,973 Aracaju SE 402,341 461,534 571,149 623,766 Araçatuba SP 150,905 164,449 178,077 187,966 Araguaína TO 84,614 105,874 142,925 158,779 Araguari MG 82,103 92,748 102,583 108,031 Arapiraca AL 130,963 152,354 181,481 194,475 Arapongas PR 60,025 81,790 101,851 111,320 Araraquara SP 156,465 173,569 202,730 217,927 Araras SP 79,111 97,860 112,444 120,787 Araruama RJ 43,373 75,088 106,486 114,985 Araucária PR 54,262 86,111 110,205 121,522 Atibaia SP 74,751 96,874 115,229 123,686 Bagé RS … 94,000 97,765 101,704 Balneário Camboriú SC 39,888 73,455 108,089 124,557 Barbacena MG 83,319 103,669 115,568 122,604 Barra Mansa RJ 166,673 165,134 176,193 178,060 Barreiras BA … 99,300 123,741 137,050 Barretos SP 89,311 98,860 108,686 114,910 Barueri SP 130,799 208,281 240,749 259,555 Bauru SP 255,669 310,442 338,184 358,464 Belém PA 849,187 1,272,354 1,381,475 1,420,582 Belford Roxo RJ … 434,474 469,332 479,386 Belo Horizonte MG 2,013,257 2,238,526 2,375,151 2,491,109 Bento Gonçalves RS 65,755 81,820 99,069 105,543 Betim MG 162,143 298,258 375,331 408,998 Birigui SP 70,567 91,018 105,487 113,651 Blumenau SC 186,327 241,943 294,773 318,613 Boa Vista RR 120,157 197,098 277,799 307,685 Botucatu SP 84,853 103,993 122,678 132,863 Bragança Paulista SP 92,409 111,091 142,255 153,996 Brasília DF 1,515,889 1,961,499 2,482,210 2,754,765 Brusque SC 53,488 73,256 102,025 115,772 Cabo de Santo Agostinho PE 109,763 134,486 167,783 179,896 Cabo Frio RJ 79,217 106,237 140,486 154,260 Cachoeirinha RS 87,951 107,564 118,278 125,246 Cachoeiro de Itapemirim ES 117,119 155,401 173,589 189,207 Camaçari BA 108,232 154,402 231,973 268,676 Camaragibe PE 99,407 128,702 144,466 152,840 Campina Grande PB 307,468 337,484 367,209 384,081 Campinas SP 824,924 953,218 1,061,540 1,134,763 Campo Grande MS 518,687 655,914 776,242 831,809 Campo Largo PR 53,892 77,223 94,171 102,606 Campos dos Goytacazes RJ 324,667 364,177 418,725 434,000 Canoas RS 270,672 306,093 323,827 339,979 Caraguatatuba SP 52,729 75,251 96,673 106,916 Carapicuíba SP 283,661 344,596 369,584 390,073 Cariacica ES 261,084 312,980 337,643 366,860 Caruaru PE 182,012 217,407 279,589 303,930 Cascavel PR 177,766 228,673 270,049 291,802 Castanhal PA 92,852 121,249 153,378 165,554 Catanduva SP 89,905 104,268 111,914 117,899 Caucaia CE 147,601 226,088 290,220 311,698 Caxias MA 84,331 103,485 118,534 122,478 Caxias do Sul RS 264,775 333,391 419,406 452,779 Chapecó SC 96,751 134,592 168,113 185,040 Colatina ES … 83,800 98,395 107,093 Colombo PR 110,273 174,962 203,203 219,333 Conselheiro Lafaiete MG 83,451 99,515 111,266 118,770 Contagem MG 419,975 533,330 601,400 641,299 Coronel Fabriciano MG 85,747 96,255 102,395 107,479 Cotia SP 107,453 148,987 201,150 225,306 Crato CE 70,280 83,917 100,916 106,093 Criciúma SC 132,313 153,049 189,630 201,817 Cubatão SP 90,659 107,661 118,720 126,105 Cuiabá MT 395,662 476,532 540,814 564,741 Curitiba PR 1,315,035 1,587,315 1,751,907 1,864,416 Diadema SP 305,287 357,064 386,089 409,613 Divinópolis MG 144,429 177,973 207,516 222,740 Dourados MS 122,856 149,928 181,005 194,101 Duque de Caxias RJ 664,145 772,327 852,138 875,413 Embu SP 155,990 207,663 240,230 259,053 Eunápolis BA 63,540 79,161 93,413 104,448 Feira de Santana BA 349,557 431,730 510,635 561,418 Ferraz de Vasconcelos SP 94,970 141,208 160,754 174,353 Florianópolis SC 239,996 332,185 405,286 444,044 Formosa GO 49,659 69,285 92,023 101,496 Fortaleza CE 1,768,637 2,141,402 2,452,185 2,571,896 Foz do Iguaçu PR 186,385 256,524 253,962 261,458 Franca SP 227,854 282,203 313,046 333,501 Francisco Morato SP 83,637 133,575 154,158 166,167 Franco da Rocha SP 79,492 100,395 121,244 132,496 Garanhuns PE 89,206 103,435 115,356 121,283 Goiânia GO 913,485 1,085,806 1,297,076 1,407,022 Governador Valadares MG 215,098 236,098 253,300 266,082 Gravataí RS 167,863 212,144 243,497 257,811 Guarapari ES 55,196 82,589 100,528 112,721 Guarapuava PR 116,210 141,694 152,993 161,812 Guaratinguetá SP 94,421 99,162 106,762 112,769 Guarujá SP 210,192 264,733 290,696 308,929 Guarulhos SP 777,921 1,049,668 1,221,979 1,312,197 Hortolândia SP … 152,523 192,692 212,527 Ibirité MG 91,193 132,335 158,590 171,538 Igarassu PE 59,817 75,739 93,931 102,122 Ilhéus BA 144,232 162,125 155,281 153,691 Imperatriz MA 210,051 218,673 234,547 239,110 Indaiatuba SP 91,849 144,740 199,592 224,324 Ipatinga MG 178,830 210,895 236,968 252,601 Itabira MG 72,954 89,703 102,316 108,804 Itaboraí RJ 147,249 177,260 215,412 224,463 Itabuna BA 177,561 191,184 199,643 213,551 Itaguaí RJ … 78,208 104,209 112,121 Itajaí SC 114,555 141,950 173,452 190,652 Itapecerica da Serra SP 91,106 128,327 151,349 163,957 Itapetininga SP 88,146 112,137 131,050 141,088 Itapevi SP 107,976 162,433 200,769 220,250 Itaquaquecetuba SP 164,957 272,942 321,770 348,739 Itu SP 96,816 123,942 144,269 154,905 Jaboatão (dos Guararapes) PE 419,479 568,474 630,595 666,128 Jacareí SP 157,026 183,377 208,297 221,721 Jandira SP 62,697 91,807 108,344 117,457 Jaraguá do Sul SC 62,565 96,320 132,800 148,592 Jaú SP 86,823 107,198 126,943 137,273 Jequié BA 116,885 130,296 139,426 147,921 Ji-Paraná RO 75,414 91,013 104,858 116,217 João Pessoa PB 497,600 597,934 720,785 777,792 Joinville SC 334,674 414,972 497,850 535,833 Juazeiro BA 102,266 133,278 160,775 175,899 Juazeiro do Norte CE 164,922 202,227 240,128 253,353 Juiz de Fora MG 380,249 453,002 510,378 544,449 Jundiaí SP 266,235 300,207 354,204 380,845 Lages (Lajes) SC 138,575 153,582 153,937 156,018 Lauro de Freitas BA 44,374 108,385 163,449 188,013 Limeira SP 177,934 238,349 267,785 285,351 Linhares ES 86,005 92,917 121,567 138,308 Londrina PR 366,676 433,369 493,520 528,878 Luziânia GO … 130,165 162,807 178,299 Macaé RJ 89,336 126,007 202,859 225,326 Macapá AP 154,063 270,628 381,214 427,695 Maceió AL 583,343 795,804 932,129 1,004,652 Magé (Majé) RJ 172,255 193,851 215,236 221,212 Manaus AM 1,006,585 1,396,768 1,792,881 2,010,062 Marabá PA 102,435 134,373 186,270 204,918 Maracanaú CE 156,410 179,170 207,623 218,242 Maricá RJ 32,708 63,399 125,491 140,899 Marília SP 150,520 189,719 207,021 220,002 Maringá PR 234,079 283,978 350,653 384,651 Marituba PA … 64,884 107,123 119,057 Mauá SP 294,998 363,392 417,064 448,776 Mesquita RJ … 166,080 168,376 170,473 Mogi das Cruzes (Moji das Cruzes) SP 246,845 302,116 357,313 386,854 Mogi Guaçu (Moji Guaçu) SP 100,010 116,184 130,295 138,715 Montes Claros MG 227,759 289,183 344,427 371,357 Mossoró RN 177,331 199,081 237,241 259,588 Natal RN 606,887 712,317 803,739 862,044 Nilópolis RJ 158,092 153,712 157,425 158,299 Niterói RJ 436,155 459,451 487,562 495,470 Nossa Senhora do Socorro SE 67,516 131,279 155,823 169,530 Nova Friburgo RJ 144,354 151,851 159,372 161,453 Nova Iguaçu RJ 1,294,352 754,519 787,563 797,375 Novo Gama GO … 73,026 93,971 103,743 Novo Hamburgo RS 201,502 231,989 234,798 243,948 Olinda PE 341,394 360,554 370,332 381,156 Osasco SP 568,225 652,593 666,740 693,271 Ourinhos SP 70,707 89,376 100,374 106,661 Palhoça SC 65,791 97,914 135,311 151,972 Palmas TO 19,246 134,179 221,742 257,749 Paranaguá PR 94,689 122,347 135,386 144,058 Parauapebas PA 27,443 59,260 138,690 165,223 Parnaíba PI 105,104 124,988 137,485 140,922 Parnamirim RN 48,593 109,139 202,456 235,983 Passo Fundo RS 137,288 163,764 180,120 190,639 Passos MG 74,223 89,911 100,842 106,641 Patos PB 76,708 87,949 97,278 101,971 Patos de Minas MG 87,403 111,333 127,724 135,923 Paulista PE 207,708 262,237 300,466 319,769 Paulo Afonso BA 74,355 82,584 93,404 101,958 Pelotas RS 265,192 301,081 306,193 319,044 Petrolina PE 125,273 166,279 219,215 243,119 Petrópolis RJ 249,080 270,671 281,286 283,282 Pindamonhangaba SP 95,611 119,078 141,708 153,150 Pinhais PR … 100,726 117,008 125,808 Piracicaba SP 269,961 317,374 356,743 380,072 Poá SP 75,572 94,672 104,338 111,133 Poços de Caldas MG 105,205 130,826 148,722 158,424 Ponta Grossa PR 221,671 266,683 304,733 327,151 Porto Alegre RS 1,247,529 1,320,739 1,409,351 1,472,482 Porto Seguro BA 23,315 79,619 104,078 117,487 Porto Velho RO 229,788 273,709 390,733 450,443 Pouso Alegre MG 74,322 97,756 119,590 130,081 Praia Grande SP 123,492 193,582 262,051 293,695 Presidente Prudente SP 160,227 185,229 203,375 216,099 Queimados RJ … 121,993 137,962 142,709 Recife PE 1,298,229 1,422,905 1,537,704 1,608,488 Resende RJ 75,704 95,963 112,331 116,596 Ribeirão das Neves MG 119,925 245,401 294,153 316,978 Ribeirão Pires SP 85,085 104,508 113,068 119,644 Ribeirão Preto SP 426,819 502,760 602,966 656,192 Rio Branco AC 168,679 226,298 308,545 334,153 Rio Claro SP 132,739 163,477 181,720 193,584 Rio das Ostras RJ … 34,552 99,905 120,226 Rio de Janeiro RJ 5,480,768 5,857,904 6,320,446 6,453,682 Rio Grande RS 165,025 179,208 189,429 198,849 Rio Verde GO 84,142 106,079 163,540 187,453 Rondonópolis MT 113,032 141,838 188,028 203,651 Sabará MG 74,757 112,694 123,084 130,160 Salto SP 72,333 92,065 104,774 112,331 Salvador BA 2,073,510 2,442,102 2,674,923 2,902,132 Santa Bárbara d'Oeste SP 141,181 167,917 178,596 187,748 Santa Cruz do Sul RS 78,955 93,786 105,190 111,392 Santa Luzia MG 130,186 184,208 202,378 214,233 Santa Maria RS 196,342 230,696 248,347 261,483 Santana (Porto Santana) AP 45,800 75,849 99,111 108,216 Santana de Parnaíba SP 37,762 74,828 108,813 123,825 Santarém PA 180,018 186,297 215,790 224,054 Santa Rita PB 76,490 100,475 103,717 115,456 Santo André SP 616,991 649,331 676,407 707,613 Santos SP 427,273 415,747 419,086 433,240 São Bernardo do Campo SP 555,495 690,917 752,658 797,914 São Caetano do Sul SP 149,519 140,159 149,263 157,205 São Carlos SP 148,408 183,433 213,061 229,388 São Gonçalo RJ 779,832 891,119 998,999 1,031,151 São João de Meriti RJ 425,772 449,476 458,673 460,711 São José SC 128,375 171,230 207,312 225,846 São José do Rio Preto SP 275,450 337,289 383,490 411,760 São José dos Campos SP 425,515 532,717 617,106 667,181 São José dos Pinhais PR 111,952 183,366 236,895 262,649 São Leopoldo RS 160,358 192,895 213,238 226,088 São Lourenço da Mata PE 71,323 83,543 96,777 102,799 São Luís MA … 837,584 958,522 1,005,143 São Paulo SP 9,412,894 9,813,187 11,152,344 11,788,959 São Vicente SP 268,353 303,413 331,817 352,373 Sapucaia do Sul RS 104,486 121,813 130,469 137,237 Serra ES 220,615 319,621 406,450 473,149 Sertãozinho SP 73,567 90,531 108,772 117,458 Sete Lagoas MG 140,125 180,785 208,956 224,309 Simões Filho BA 44,419 76,905 105,811 117,986 Sinop MT 33,253 67,706 93,753 105,124 Sobral CE 103,868 134,508 166,310 176,486 Sorocaba SP 374,108 486,726 580,655 630,702 Sumaré SP … 193,937 238,470 259,220 Suzano (Susano) SP 152,003 221,423 253,240 272,498 Taboão da Serra SP 160,084 197,644 244,528 268,321 Tatuí SP 69,368 85,613 102,256 110,058 Taubaté SP 197,801 229,855 272,673 292,963 Teixeira de Freitas BA 74,221 98,688 129,263 145,445 Teófilo Otoni MG 101,966 102,812 110,076 114,832 Teresina PI 556,911 677,470 767,557 792,415 Teresópolis RJ 101,219 115,198 146,207 153,114 Timon MA 90,814 113,066 135,133 141,984 Toledo PR 72,402 85,920 108,259 118,224 Três Lagoas MS 61,650 73,669 97,069 106,473 Trindade GO 48,927 78,199 100,106 110,627 Tucuruí PA 46,014 60,918 92,442 100,344 Ubá MG 54,051 76,687 97,636 105,580 Uberaba MG 200,705 244,171 289,376 311,691 Uberlândia MG 358,165 488,982 587,266 636,529 Uruguaiana RS 105,822 118,538 117,415 121,295 Valinhos SP 59,912 78,506 101,626 112,588 Valparaíso de Goiás GO … 94,856 132,982 150,005 Varginha MG 82,242 104,165 119,061 126,982 Várzea Grande MT 155,307 211,303 248,704 261,680 Várzea Paulista SP 68,036 92,800 107,089 115,403 Vespasiano MG 35,390 75,213 104,527 116,506 Viamão RS 156,145 211,612 224,943 235,889 Vila Velha ES 264,236 344,625 412,575 463,431 Vitória ES 258,777 292,304 327,801 352,104 Vitória da Conquista BA 188,351 225,545 274,739 304,582 Vitória de Santo Antão PE 85,363 99,342 113,429 117,703 Volta Redonda RJ 220,097 241,996 257,686 262,140 Votorantim SP 79,197 92,723 104,659 112,255

Explanation / Answer

The 5 summary is given by 1/Sep/1991 1/Aug/2000 1/Aug/2010 1/Jul/2014 mean 281422.3865 323384.952 372400.375 397181.959 median 130799 155401 189429 203651 standard deviation 730576.9205 753403.88 845244.981 889467.146 1st quartile 83385 100395 118534 125808 3rd quartile 227806.5 282203 327801 352104 interquartile range 144421.5 181808 209267 226296 range 9393648 9778635 11060321 11688615

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