2. Let\'s say you are running a marathon. Your body needs to increase blood flow

Question

2. Let's say you are running a marathon. Your body needs to increase blood flow to your legs, bringing much needed oxygen to your skeletal muscles so they can make ATP. The process starts by binding of acetylcholine by a receptor on the surface of the endothelial cell lining the blood vessels (see below) NO bound to NO synthase RAPID RELAXATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL RAPID DIFFUSION OF NO ACROSS MEMBRANES smooth musde cell a. Acetylcholine is the signal. What type of signal receptor does it bind to? b. Is the signal hydrophilic or hydrophobic? c. Binding of acetylcholine activates NO (nitric oxide) synthase. NO synthase produces Nitric Oxide (NO). Look at the diagram and determine: Is the activation of nitric oxide synthase a fast or slow response? d. The NO produced diffuses rapidly out of the endothelial cell on the inside of the capillary and into the smooth muscle cell on the outside of the capillary. What type of signal receptor does it bind to? e. Is this a fast or slow response? f. Guanylyl cyclase produces cyclic GMP (cGMP). What does the figure show happens to the cell when cGMP is produced? g. What would happen if the cGMP was degraded?

Explanation / Answer

A. Acetycholine is a signallin molecule which binds to the nicotinic ligand gated ion channel which opens upon bindung with acetycholine. It permits sodium , potassium and calcium ions.

B. IIt is hydrophilic beacuse it ccontains a polar charged ammonium group which does not allow it to pass through lipids membranes.

C. It is a slow process compacompared to rapid NO diffusion.

D. it binds to G protein coupled receptor.

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