Nintendo and laparoscopic skills. In laparoscopic surgery, a video camera and se

Question

Nintendo and laparoscopic skills. In laparoscopic surgery, a video camera and several thin instruments are inserted into the patient's abdominal cavity. The surgeon uses the image from the video camera positioned inside the patient's body to perform the procedure by manipulating the instruments that have been inserted. It has been found that the Nintendo Wii™ reproduces the movements required in laparoscopic surgery more closely than other video games with its motion-sensing interface. If training with a Nintendo Wii™ can improve laparoscopic skills, it can complement the more expensive training on a laparoscopic simulator. Forty-two medical residents were chosen, and all were tested on a set of basic laparoscopic skills. Twenty-one were selected at random to undergo systematic Nintendo Wii™ training for one hour a day, five days a week, for four weeks. The remaining 21 residents were given no Nintendo Wii™ training and asked to refrain from video games during this period. At the end of four weeks, all 42 residents were tested again on the same set of laparoscopic skills. One of the skills involved a virtual gall bladder removal, with several performance measures including time to complete the task recorded. Here are the improvement (before-after) times in seconds after four weeks for the two groups:

1.) What makes this an experiment, and not just an observational study?

2.) Who are the subjects in this experiment?

3.) What is the factor in this experiment?

4.) What is the response variable in this experiment?

5.) Which group is the ‘control’ group?

6.) What is the purpose of having a control group in an experiment? Why not just give all of the medical residents the Nintendo WiiTM training, so that all of them could benefit?

7.) Why did the experiment include randomization "...Twenty-one were selected at random to undergo systematic Nintendo Wii™ training ....The remaining 21 residents ...."?

8.) An experiment that can be 'blinded' should be, if only for purposes of preventing bias in the analysis of results. What about blinding this experiment?

Explanation / Answer

1. In an experiment investigators apply treatments to experimental units and then proceed to observe the effect of the treatments on the experimental units. Here the treatment is systematic Nintendo Wii™. We analysis that out of 42, we randomlly assign 21 residents which given Nintendo Wii™ training and obtained their responses after 4 weeks

whereas observational study investigators observe subjects and measure variables of interest without assigning treatments to the subjects. I have not say that this residents given Nintendo Wii™ training or not and not obtained their responses.

2. a certain number of residents given training with a Nintendo Wii™ can improve laparoscopic skills

3. There are two factors

The number of test for improve laparoscopic skills

TIme period

4. medical residents is the response variable in this experiment

5. improve laparoscopic skills using systematic Nintendo Wii™ training

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