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Fernando et al. (2003) studied drug-sharing among injection drugs users in the S

ID: 3023581 • Letter: F

Question

Fernando et al. (2003) studied drug-sharing among injection drugs users in the South Bronx in New York City. Splitting a bag – a practice where heroin is shared between two people after dissolving it in a common cooker prior to injection– is a known high risk factor for HIV exposure.  Interviews with drug users in a residential treatment facility provided the following information.

Have you split drugs?

Yes (Y)

(a) What is the probability that a person chosen at random will have split drugs?

(b) What is the probability that a person chosen at random is not female?

(c) What is the probability that a person has split drugs given they are a male?

(d) What is the probability that someone chosen at random will be a female or will not have split drugs?

(e) Given that someone has split drugs, what is the probability that they are female?

Gender

Yes (Y)

No (N) Total Male (M) 390 321 711 Female (F) 179 131 310 Total 569 452 1021

Explanation / Answer

a) 569/1021 = 0.5593

b) 711/1021=0.6964

c) 390/711 = 0.5485

d) (310+321)/1021 = 0.6180

e) 131/452 =0.2898