C ^ polymer breaks up to form monomers 23, What is the process by which mon cell

Question

C ^ polymer breaks up to form monomers 23, What is the process by which mon cells link monomers together to fors polymen Pol 24. Isotopes of an element differ in a The number of protons e. More than one is coect 25 All define the cell theory except c. Number of electrons d. Atomic number a. Cell is the most basic unit of the universe b. All organisms, including viruses, are composed of cells c. All cells come from any form of matter d. Yeah, I do not see the answer anywhere 26. The identity of an element is determined by its a. Atomic number b. Mass number 27. What happens when the activation energy of a reaction is lowered c. Electron number d. The number of protons and electrons a. Enzyme is consumed b. AG remains constantly changes c. The amount of energy in the products and reactants change d. 28. Which of the following concerning AG is TRUE? None of the above a. AG is free energy b. AG is a change in free energy c. AG measures the amount of entropy in the universe d, ?G measures the amount of disorder in the universe e. More than one is correct 29. In an energetically favorable reaction, AG: 30. Plants store glucose as 31. Animals store glucose as c. Has no effect on AG a. Increases AG b. Decreases AG c. Starch d. Glyceride c. Starch d. Glyceride e. Glycogen a. Galactose b. Glucose Galactose e. Glycogen a. b. Glucose 32. Which of the following regarding proteins is INCORRECT? They form peptide bonds Play a role in transport of material across a men a. c. All are enzymes d. May serve as structural proteins b. 33. ALL lipids are: c) contain a fatty acid 34. Which of the following choices is energetically unfavorable? d. Glucoseglycogen c. Anabolic, catabolic a) b) Soluble in water Insoluble in water d) cholesterol a. ATP-ADP+P c. Polysaccharides monosaccharide's b. Protein amino acid 35 pathways provide the building blocks and the energy needed for a. Metabolic, catabolic b. Catabolic, metabolic d. Catabolic, anabolic 36. The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction is known as: c. Potential energy c. Activation energy

Explanation / Answer

Ans. #23. #b. Polymerization reaction.

#24. B. number of neutrons. Isotopes have same atomic number (= no. of protons) but different mass number (no. of protons + neutrons).

#25. D. Yeah, I don’t see the answer anywhere.

Cell Theory: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, 1838 explains following -

I. All organisms, except viruses, are made up of one and more cells. [Virus is NOT made up of cell].

II. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life (but NOT of universe)

III. Cells exist from pre-existing cells through cell division (but not directly from any matter)

#26. A. atomic number. All elements have unique atomic number

#27. C. None of the above.

# Change/lowering in activation energy does not affect the dG (= energy of products – energy of reactant) because it does not changes the energy of reactants and product at all.

# Enzyme is one of the tools (other are – chemical catalyst) to lower the activation energy, and are NOT consumed during the reaction.

#28. B. dG is a change in free energy. Note that the “delta” sign denotes the “difference”.

# Entropy – same as disorder in the universe – is denoted by “S”.

#29. B. Decreases dG. For an energetically favourable reaction, dG is NEGATIVE, i.e. the free energy of products is lesser than those of reactants.

#30. C. Starch. Plants store glucose as starch whereas animals store it as glycogen.

#31. E. Glycogen.

#32. B. All are enzyme. Some, but NOT all proteins are enzyme. For example, keratin protein in hair, nails, etc. is NOT an enzyme.

# Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bond. They facilitate transport across the membrane as transmembrane transport proteins ( Na+-K+ pump, aquaporins, etc.). keratin is a structural protein.

#33. B. Insoluble in water. The single unifying characteristic of all lipids is that they are insoluble in water.

#34. D. Glucose à Glycogen. Anabolic and polymerization processes are energetically unfavourable because they consume energy.

# Hydrolysis of ATP is energetically favourable because it releases energy.

# Hydrolysis of a polymer into its monomers (say, polysaccharides into monosaccharides) are favourable because there is net release of energy during the process.

#35. D. Catabolic, anabolic. The catabolic processes (the metabolic pathways specific to BREAKDWON of larger biomolecules into monomers, say degradation of proteins into free amino acids during digestion) provide building blocks (monomers) and the energy needed for anabolic processes (the metabolic pathways specific to SYNTHESIS of larger biomolecules from monomers).

Note that the terms “Metabolism” is the SUM of all catabolic and anabolic processes in the cell. So, choose either “catabolism” or “anabolism” as applicable.

#36. C. Activation energy.

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