d) They could not drink any seawater, and id they did they would rapidiy dehydra
ID: 301159 • Letter: D
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d) They could not drink any seawater, and id they did they would rapidiy dehydrate seawater, s the correct order, from blood to ureter, of the structures of a mammalian nephron? Proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman t 's capsule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule convoluted tubule of Henle; distal convoluted tubule convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule b) Bowman's capsule; loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, proximal Distal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle: Proximal convoluted tubule e) Distal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; Bowman's capsule, c) Bowman's capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; loop d) Proximal convoluted tubule 10. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) b) c) d) Gross cost of traveling at a fixed distance decreases as traveling speed increases For fying or running, Biking backward costs more energy than biking forward Trotting at a moderate speed for a horse can consume less energy than walking very fast or very slow activities consume more energy than moderate speed 11. Having a high urine/plasma ratio means that a) The animal is producing a dilute urine. b) The animal's kidney is returning less water to the blood. c) The animal is metabolizing more water d) The animal likely has higher concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) e) The collecting ducts in the animal's kidneys are very impermeable to water, 12. The formula for the Nernst potential for an ion X is Ex (60/z) log10 (Xjout [Xjin), where z is the valence of the ion. If the concentration of Cr is 10x higher outside the neuron than inside the neuron then what membrane potential will the neuron have so that there is no net flow of Cr across it? (Recall membrane potential here means inside with respect to the outside) a) -60mV b) -10mV c) 0mV d) +60mV e) none of the above 13. Fish in sea water will tend to a) Gain solutes and water from the environment b) Lose solutes and water to the environment c) Gain solutes from and lose water to the environment d) Lose solutes to and gain water from the environment 14. The amount of tension that a given muscle can generate a) is greatest at a short muscle length (when the muscle is fully contracted) b) is greatest at a long muscle length (when the muscle is stretched) c) is greatest when the muscle is contracting quickly d) is greatest at its normal resting muscle length e) does not depend on muscle lengthExplanation / Answer
9.ans is option:(c) direction of fluid flow: glomerulus to lumen of bowmans capsule to PCT to Loop of HENLE to DCT to Collecting duct to Renal papillae to Minor calyx to Major calyx to renal pelvis to ureter.
11.Ans: option (d); high urine to plasma ratio suggests concentrated urine being passed under the influence of ADH to regulate plasma osmolarity. ADH helps in water reabsorption from DCT and collecting duct.
13. Ans. Option:(c); fish in sea water have body fluids hypotonic to sea water and thereby they tend to lose water from their body to the surroundings. To compensate the water loss marine fish drink sea water and gain excess salts.
12. Ans: Option: (a); Solving the nernst equation ,equilibrium potential = (60/-1)*log10(10x/x) = -60.
z =-1 for chloride ion, conc. of chloride outside is 10 times than within the neuron i.e., Xoutside/Xinside= 10x/x= 10, log 10=1
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