2. To what extent does sleep insufficiency vary by gender according to the data

Question

2. To what extent does sleep insufficiency vary by gender according to the data presented in the table? In your own opinion, what role could gender play in sleep insufficiency? Explain your reasoning.

3. What other inferences can be made about the data presented?

Charactenstics-BehaviorLal Risk Factor Surveillance System, Delaware, Hawail, New York, and Rhode Island, 2006 1-6 7-13 14-20 21-29 30 (95% Cr (95% CI) (95% CI) % (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) State (unweighted sample size) Delaware (n = 3,876) Hawaii (n - 6,077) New York (n = 5,293) Rhode Island (n = 4,343) 27.7 (25.9-29.7) 32.9 (30.8-35.1) (11.2-14.3) 11.2 (9.8-12.8) 1.5 (1.1-2.1) 14.0 12.2-16.0) 12.6 38.4 (36.7-40.1) 29.8 (28.2-31.4) . (10.0-12.2) 10.3 9.2-11.4) 1.7 13.0 13.3 8.8 (7.9-9.8) 29.2 27.7 (27.6-30.9) (26.1-29.4) 329 31.6 (312-346) (29.7-33.5) (11.8-14.3) (11.9-14.9) 12.3 12.9 (11.1-13.6) (115-144) 2.7 2.6 (2.2-3.3) (2.0-3.4) 11.9 (10.7-13.3) Age group (yTs) 18-34 (n3,147) 35-44 (n-3,505) 45-54 (n 4,195) 255 (n 8,742) 21.9 (18.9-25.3) 27.8 (24.6-31.2) 16.5 (14.0-19.3) 17.1 14.5-20.1) 3.4 20.9 (18.1-23.9) 38.2 (34.9-41.6) 13.5 (11.6-15.7) 14.0 (12.0-16.3) 3.4 26.2 (23.6-29.1) 36.0 (33.2-38.9) 14.4 (12.5-16.5) 113 (9.7-13.2) 2.1 44.7 (42.7-46.7) 31.7 (29.9-33.7) 8.1(7.1-9.2) (2.3-4.9 13.3 (11.1-15.9) (2.5-4.7 10.0 (8.2-12.0) (1.4-3.2) 10.0 (8.3-11.9) 6.6 (5.7-7.7) 1.5 7.3 6.3-8.4) White, non-Hispanic 28.2 (26.8-29.7) 33.0 (31.5-34.5) 13.7 (12.6-14.9) 2.7 (116-13.9) 2.7 (2.2-3.3) 9.7 8.7-10.8) (n- 13,258) Black, non-Hispanic 27.1 (22.7-32.1) 32.5 (27.5-38.0) 13.4 (10.1-17.6) 13.9 (9.9-19.0)- 33.7 11.4 (8.3-15.4) 11.6 (8.6-15.4) (n- 1,006) (28.6-39.2) 32.3 (27.2-37.8) (7.3-13.0) 9.7 (6.7-13.8) Hispanic (n = 1,258) Other, non-Hispanic 9.8 - (n 4,067) 33.8 (29.4-38.5) 31.2 (26.8-36.0) 12.1 (9.0-16.0) (8.5-14.5) 2.2 9.57.2-12.6) Sex Men (n 7,598) Women (n 11,991) 31.1 (28.8-33.4) 34.6 (32.2-37.0) 11.5 (10.1-13.1) 11.2 (9.8-12.9) 2.7 28.3 (26.7-30.0) 308 (29.1-32.5) 14.2 (12.9-15.6) 13. (116-14.6) 2.5 8.9 7.6-10.5) 11.2 (10.0-12.6) Employment status Employed (n = 11,610) Unemployed (n = 706) Retired (n 4,781) Unable to work (n = 968) Other""(n = 1,524) 37.2 27.5 13.7 9.5 12.4 14.7 4.9 (3.9-6.1) 17.7 2.3 24.0 32.9 53.5 (50.8-56.1) 28.9 (26.6-31.4) 5.9(4.8-7.3) 24.6 28.1 (23.8-33.0) 23.1 19.1-27.8) 18.8 (14.7-23.6) 16.6 (12.8-21.3) 2.8 (22.3-25.7) (26.0-40.6) (353-392) (21.6-34.3) (12.5-15.0) (6.1-14.4) (112-13.8) (94-223) 9.9 (8.8-11.2) 12.8 (8.7-18.5) 5.5 (4.4-6.9) 24.8 (19.6-30.8) (1.7-4.5 10.6 77-14.3) (22-35) - 1.2 (0.8-1.9) (19.4-30.7) 15.1 (11.3-20.0) 13.6 (9.3-19.4) (13.4-23.1) -

Explanation / Answer

1. Sleep is a neurophysiological state, during which electrical and metabolic activities of brain varies with sleep and awake conditions. Variations occur in hormone levels, patterns of blood pressure or het rate also. Compared with white people, blacks will have reduced term of sleep whereas whites will have 60percent more sleep.

2. Gender differences have defects on sleep insufficiency. Sleep loss in males and females have different effects. In males, sleep loss causes increased impulsive behaviour and risky choices whereas in females it will be reduced. Loss of sleep will cause selfishness in females.

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