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ent is . Fems are also found in damp environments like the Northwest, explain wh

ID: 300988 • Letter: E

Question

ent is . Fems are also found in damp environments like the Northwest, explain why this well suited for their gr owth. HINT: List features of the sporophyte of the seedless tracheophytes that help them live on land. 3. Mak e a table and compare and contrast the features of non-tracheophytes and the seedless racheophytes. Take into consideration structural as well as reproductive similarities and differences Pteridophyta CharacteristicBryophyta Are stomata present? Presence of xylem? Presence of phloem? Gametophyte form? Haploid or diploid? Were capsules present? Were there antheridia and/or archegonia? What does the antheridia and the archegonia contain? Is water necessary for fertilization?

Explanation / Answer

The fern have different stages of lifecycle like gametophye and sporophyte condition. Sporophyte stage is more dominant stage of life cycle which have large compound leaves known as fronds. These structures are involved in double roles: 1. these structures are involved in the process of photosynthesis. 2. They are reproductive structures of the plantlet.

The stem structure occurs in two forms: one is the form which is buried inside the ground or soil for the uptake of nutrition, water and minerals. In other form stem grow upside of soil as a trunk in tree furn. The stem which is above to the ground takes nutrition from environment that is why a moist nutritive environment is necessary for the growth.

Fern also exhibits adventitious organs which grows on unusual places such as roots growing from the side of a stem. For the germination process mature fronds produces small clusters at which sporangia develop. These sporangia are produced by the process of meiosis and released into the air. Wet air is more suitable for the transport of sporangia. Flagellated sperms are also released which mover or swim on the wet surface and fertilise the eggs.

Overall theory, we can say that in terms of germination or reproduction a wet environment is necessary for the formation of egg and sperm by the uptake of nutrients. Damp condition also takes part in the transport and makes suitable condition for mating.

3.

Bryophyta

pteridophyta

Stomata

Present on capsule

present

xylem

Non vascular no xylem

vascular plants with xylem and

phyloem

No phloem

vascular plants with and phloem

Gametophytic form?

Haploid or diploid?

Gametophytic form present. which Is haploid and produces gametes.

They form eggs and sperm.

Gametophytic form present. which Is haploid and produces gamtes.

Capsule

present

absent

Where anthredia? What anthredia contains?

Archihonia and antheridia present on leaf shoot.

Egg develops in archegonia and sperm develops in antheridium.

Antheridia contain sperms which is male gamete.

Archigonia - eggs

Archihonia and antheridia present on leaf.

They can be monocious and dioceous.

Egg develops in archegonia and sperm developes in antheridia.

Antheridia contain sperms which is male gamete.

Archigonia – eggs

Water necessity for fertilization?

Yes.

A layer of water required for movement or swimming of sperma and egg.

Not required.

Bryophyta

pteridophyta

Stomata

Present on capsule

present

xylem

Non vascular no xylem

vascular plants with xylem and

phyloem

No phloem

vascular plants with and phloem

Gametophytic form?

Haploid or diploid?

Gametophytic form present. which Is haploid and produces gametes.

They form eggs and sperm.

Gametophytic form present. which Is haploid and produces gamtes.

Capsule

present

absent

Where anthredia? What anthredia contains?

Archihonia and antheridia present on leaf shoot.

Egg develops in archegonia and sperm develops in antheridium.

Antheridia contain sperms which is male gamete.

Archigonia - eggs

Archihonia and antheridia present on leaf.

They can be monocious and dioceous.

Egg develops in archegonia and sperm developes in antheridia.

Antheridia contain sperms which is male gamete.

Archigonia – eggs

Water necessity for fertilization?

Yes.

A layer of water required for movement or swimming of sperma and egg.

Not required.