a) In multipass membrane proteins synthesized in association with membrane-bound
ID: 300931 • Letter: A
Question
a) In multipass membrane proteins synthesized in association with membrane-bounded ribosomes of the rough ER, signal-anchor and stop transfer anchor sequences alternate. What do these sequences do? (0. pts.) b) Having misfolded soluble or secretory proteins in the RER contributes what investigators call the "traffic jam," a scenario associated with a number of human diseases where the normal transport of proteins is blocked by these abnormal proteins and protein complexes not getting to their correct site and being able to function properly. Briefly describe how the cell overcomes this particular traffic jam by exporting the misfolded proteins out of the RER into the cytosol, where they are degraded in the proteasome. (1 pts.) c) The drug that will help to fix abnormal transport of proteins is needed. How would you approach the drug development process? (1.5 pts)Explanation / Answer
Answer a
The ER membrane consists of Sec protein complex, which lies, in internal ER. These Sec protein forms pore in membrane and tightly attaches to ribosome for the direction of protein into ER. The Sec protein is the Stop transfer anchor protein. The N terminus of the protein has to contain signal peptide because they have to recognizable by chaperones. These are signal anchors. These sequences contains 7 - 10 or sometimes 10 -15 Leucine residues.
Answer b
Molecular traffic jam occurs when many proteins have produced and some of them still need time to move outside the cell. This makes protein movement slower. This overcomes by providing more motor proteins to the cytoskeleton by the cell itself. The misfolded proteins engulfed by lysosome through chaperone-mediated autophagy, macrophagy and endocytosis.
Answer c
Drugs that are made for the treatment of abnormal transport of proteins have mechanisms based on lipophilicity. This makes abnormal transport of proteins more lipophilic, which causes proteins to attach more with plasma membrane.
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