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1) Define a relation R on the set of real numbers by: (x , y) R if and only if |

ID: 3006458 • Letter: 1

Question

1) Define a relation R on the set of real numbers by: (x , y) R if and only if |x y| < 4 . Is the relation R reflexive? symmetric? transitive? Is R an equivalence relation? Justify your answers.

2) Define a relation R on R as follows: (x , y) R if and only if (x y)(x^2 + y^2 1) = 0 . Is R reflexive? Is R symmetric? Is R transitive? Is R an equivalence relation? Justify your arguments.

3)  Define a relation R on the set Z (a,b) element of R if and only if 3a+5b is divisible by 8. prove that R is equvlance relation.

4) Define a relation R on the set Z (a,b) element of R if and only if 2a+3b is divisible by 5. prove that R is equvlance relation. what is the equvlance class of {0]}

5) R-{0} define a relation if xy< or equal to zero Is R reflexive? Is R symmetric? Is R transitive?

6) R on Z (a,b) element if and only if R is a+b is even. prove that R is equvlance relation. what is class of 1?

Explanation / Answer

Ans(1):

Given condition is |x y| < 4

reflexive

Yes it is reflexive because |x x| < 4 or |0|<4 or 0<4 is clearly True.

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symmetric

Yes it is symmetric because

|x y| < 4

or |- (-x + y)| < 4

or | (-x + y)| < 4 (because we know that |-x|=x )

or | (y -x)| < 4

or | y -x| < 4 is True

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transitive

No, it is not transitive because. I will prove that using an counter example

take x=1, y=4, z=7

clearly |x y| < 4 or |1-4| < 4 or |-3|<4 or 3<4 is True.

similarly |y z| < 4 or |4-7| < 4 or |-3|<4 or 3<4 is True.

But |x z| < 4 or |1-7| < 4 or |-6|<4 or 6<4 is False.

Hence it is not transitive.

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Since it fails transitive property, so we can say it is Not an equivalence relation.