Exam 3 veronica rico makeup (1) - Word (Non-Commercial Use) Design Layout Refere

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Exam 3 veronica rico makeup (1) - Word (Non-Commercial Use) Design Layout References Mailings Review View Help Tell me what you want to do Nrmal 1 No Spac.. . Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Subtle Em Font Paragraph Styles ) The formation of hinge points are necessary for folding the neural plate into the hollow neural tube. In the space elow, please explain the following: 1) tell me about the location of the major hinge points and how each of these facilitates neural tube closure. 2) What changes have to occur in the cells of the hinge points in order for the bending to occur. 3) Explain how the neural tube actually closes (i.e what brings the cells together where the tube closes).

Explanation / Answer

Neural tube closure is the key pay for brain and spinal cord.Neurulation is composed of 2 phase : Primary & Seconday

1) Of which the major hinge points located at the entire brian and most of the spinal cord composes the Primary phase .However it has 4 statges namely : Formation of neural plate ,Bending of neural plate , Shaping of neural plate and Closure of neural groove.

To establish a closure neural groove , the tips of paired neural folds fuses then meet in dorsal midline. One of the pairs , the epidermal ectodermal cells spread medially whereas the dorsal epithelium grows transversely.Both events extend the width of the interface , contributing to neural groove closure

2)This bending appears to be dependent on apical constriction of columnar neural tube cells to become wedge shaped under the control of actin-related genes, such as ARHGAP35 (a negative regulator of Rho GTPase), MARCKS (a protein kinase C target), shroom genes (which encode an actin-associated protein family), and VCL (which encodes the actin-binding protein vinculin).

3)The closure of the neural tube does not occur simultaneously throughout body axis is elongated prior to neurulation ( ex : Human body axis is elongated prior to neurulation) , the closure is actually a complex , tightly orchestrated and a discontinuous process occurring at 2 invariant sites.The open neural folds between initiation closure sites are known as neuropores and becomes gradually shorten and close as the closure progress resulting to an intact closed neural tube.The are covered by ectoderm-derived epidermis subsequently.The neural tube closes as the paired neural folds are brought together at the dorsal midline. The folds adhere to each other, and the cells from the two folds merge. In mammals, the cranial neural crest cells (which form facial and neck structures) migrate while the neural folds are elevating ( prior to neural tube closure), whereas in the spinal cord region, the crest cells wait until closure has occurred

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