1- Immune reaction – standard innate as well as specific humoral response approp
ID: 300528 • Letter: 1
Question
1- Immune reaction – standard innate as well as specific humoral response appropriate to the Toxoplasma gondii pathogen 2- Epidemiology – where is it common, among whom, risk factors, vectors and reservoirs 3- Treatment – common resistances and alternative treatments – mechanism of action1- Immune reaction – standard innate as well as specific humoral response appropriate to the Toxoplasma gondii pathogen 2- Epidemiology – where is it common, among whom, risk factors, vectors and reservoirs 3- Treatment – common resistances and alternative treatments – mechanism of action
2- Epidemiology – where is it common, among whom, risk factors, vectors and reservoirs 3- Treatment – common resistances and alternative treatments – mechanism of action
Explanation / Answer
1. Immune reaction: Innate response occurs when dendritic cellls and macrophageges phagocytose the paparasite.
While the specific humoral immunity starts by identification of glycophophatidylinositols by TLR 2 and TLR 4 molecules and prolifin like molecules by TLR 11 molecules of immune cells respectively. Then macrophages and dendritic cells release IL-12 to stimulate NK cells and T cells to release IFN - gamma.
2. EPIDEMIOLGY: It is common in warm and moist climates.
Can be found in Central,Southern Europe,SouthAmerica,Africa and Asia.
RISK FACTORS: Pet cats, cattle and babies of infected mother.
VECTORS AND RESORVOIRS: Cats, rats and cattle.
3. COMMON RESISTANCE: Sulfamide with Pyremethamine.
ALTERNATE TREATMENT: Taking foods like papaya, lemon juice, ginger, raw pumpkin seeds etc.
MECHANISM OF ACTION : The above drugs inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase helpful in in sysnthesis of foliate and replication. Thus parasite stops replication.
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