Complex systems such as the climate are characterized by thresholds and feedback

Question

Complex systems such as the climate are characterized by thresholds and feedback loops. Describe 2 positive feedback loops for global climate change. Describe 2 negative feedback loops for global climate change. If all of the ice in the Arctic Ocean were to melt, how high would global sea-level rise? If all the ice in Greenland were to melt, how high would global sea-level rise? How likely is this in the next 10 years? Describe three (3) specific cities that would be catastrophically impacted by sea-level rise by 2100. Please provide evidence and mechanisms in your response

Explanation / Answer

a) positive feed back loops :

example 1 : CO2 in the atmosphre increased by burning of coal and oil. This increase causes increase the temperature of atmosphere and puts more water into atmosphere by two ways increase in temperature causes increase in evoparation and warmer air holds more water. Thus CO2 causes a positive feed back system between water and temperature.

Negative feed back systems : Surface temperature increased by increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere. Alge

example 2 : Release of previousely frozen methen causes a positive feed back system between atmosphere temperature and tawing of fermoforst.IT increases the temperature 30 times more than CO2.

Negative feed back systems :

example 1: Surface temperature increased by increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere. Alge growth inreased by this inctease in temperature this leads decrease in temperature. Thus CO2 comes into its original concentration atmosphere.

eaxample 2 : Cloud cover increased with temperature. Incoming Solar radiation reduces by the the increse in cloud cover and causes decrease in temperature.

b) If all the ice in arcitic ocean melt would increase the sea level of approximately 70m. Total ice in green land will melt causes 7m increase in sealevel. Melting of ice caused by increase in glibal warming.

Present temperature of atmosphere incresed 1/2o from the last decade it causes an increse in global sealevel by 1.5 to 2cm for the next 10years and 15 to 20 cm for next century.

c) Cities effected by increase in sea level

1) New York : the global warming causes rise in sea level around 4 feet for the next century. It will causes 100,000 pepole is in under water.

2)  Washington D.C. : East of the city is highly effected by sea level rise.

3) Jacksonville : It is highly effected city in east and the sea level rise here is twice athe any other city.   

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