Geology Multiple Choice Questions 26. What are Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

Question

Geology Multiple Choice Questions

26. What are Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data?
(A) RADAR data collected in 2000 to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the Earth
surface.
(B) RADAR data collected in 2002 to image vegetation cover.
(C) Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) electromagnetic data collected in 2000 to generate DEM.
(D) Ultra Violet (UV) data collected in 2000 to measure CO2 content in the atmosphere.
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27. Explain how Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) works?
(A) It measures the thermal signature of the terrain.
(B) It measures the chlorophyll content of vegetation.
(C) It measures light signal travel time after returning from the object.
(D) It measures the Earth’s magnetic field.
28. Explain what a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is.
(A) It is a surface depicting the Earth’s surface elevation in a raster format.
(B) It is a contour map showing Earth surface elevation as lines.
(C) It a three-dimensional representation of the Earth’s valleys.
(D) It is a computer model showing the Earth’s biomass distribution.
29. Which of the following are examples of relative dating methds?
(A) Dendrochronology and lichenometry.
(B) Dendrochronology and biogeophysics.
(C) Lichenometry and telemetry.
(D) None of the above.
30. What is rock varnish?
(A) It is dark iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) rich coating developed as a rock weathering product
in arid environment.
(B) It is a dark Fe and calcium (Ca) rich coating developed as a rock weathering product in arid
environment.
(C) It is a moss-like coating of rocks present in humid environment.
(D) It is the transformation of limestone into clay minerals.
31. What is dendrochronology?
(A) Age dating methods that involves the use of carbon 14 (14C
).
(B) A relative age dating method that involves the counting of annual tree ring growth bands.
(C) An absolute age dating method that involves the counting of annual tree ring growth bands.
(D) An absolute age dating methods that involves the counting of soil layers.
32. How is most radiocarbon (14C) produced?
(A) Through the interaction of cosmic ray neutrons with oxygen.
(B) Through the interaction of x-rays with nitrogen.
(C) Through the interaction of cosmic ray neutrons with nitrogen.
(D) Through the interaction of cosmic ray neutrons with carbon 12 (12C).
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33. What dating techniques is frequently used to quantify the age of young volcanic rocks?
(A) Dendrochronology.
(B) Lichenometry.
(C) Potassium/argon (K/Ar) and 40Ar/39Ar.
(D) Carbon14/carbon12
.
34. What is sediment generation?
(A) The quantity of sediment deposited in deltas.
(B) The rate at which sediment settles down the river bed.
(C) The rate at which sediments mixes with organic matter.
(D) The rate at which sediment forms and erodes from its parent rock.
35. What is sediment yield?
(A) The rate at which sediment weathers from its parent rock.
(B) The rate at which sediment is exported from the landscape.
(C) The rate at which sediment consolidates to form sedimentary rocks.
(D) The annual amount of sediments deposited in the oceans.
36. How atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the past helps today’s geomorphological studies?
(A) These tests generated Uranium 234 (234U) that settled down to form a district soil layer.
(B) These tests generated Thorium 230 (230Th) that settled down to form a district soil layer.
(C) These tests generated Cesium 137 (137Ce) that settled down to form a district soil layer.
(D) These tests generated Carbon 14 (14C) that settled down to form a district soil layer.
37. How fission tracks age dating is used in geomorphological studies?
(A) Determining the rate of rock uplift.
(B) Determining the rate of soil formation.
(C) Determining the rate of sediment accumulation.
(D) Determining the rate of fault displacement.
38. Which of the following can be used as a proxy for estimating the ancient sea-surface temperature?
(A) Calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio of sea water.
(B) Ca/Silica (Ca/Si) ratio of corals.
(C) Ca/Mg ratio of corals.
(D) Ca/Mg ratio of volcanic rocks.
39. What is soil?
(A) Layers of minerals mixed with organic matter.
(B) Unconsolidated material that differs in texture from the underlying parent materials.
(C) (Unconsolidated material that differs in structure from the underlying parent materials.
(D) All of the above.
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40. What is regolith?
(A) A layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock.
(B) A layer of sedimentary rock covering solid rock.
(C) A layer of organic matter covering a mineral layer.
(D) A layer of igneous rocks above metamorphic rocks.
41. What is sapolite?
(A) Chemically weathered rock.
(B) Represents the lower zone of the soil profile.
(C) A and B.
(D) None of the above.
42. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the relationship between physical and
chemical weathering?
(A) In many environmental conditions physical and chemical weathering are complementary.
(B) Physical breaking of rocks into smaller fragments accelerates chemical weathering.
(C) Changes in mass or volume accompanying chemical decomposition can promote physical
weathering.
(D) In arid regions, the rate of chemical weathering is higher than that of physical weathering.
43. Which of the following is not a mechanism of physical weathering?
(A) Oxidation/reduction.
(B) Exfoliation.
(C) Freeze-thaw.
(D) Thermal expansion.
44. What is exfoliation weathering?
(A) Break down of exposed outcrops of rocks into sheets parallel to the land surface.
(B) Break down of buried rocks into sheets parallel to the land surface.
(C) Breakdown of exposed outcrops of rocks into vertical sheets.
(D) Break down of exposed outcrop of rocks into cube-shape fragments.
45. What is felsenmeer?
(A) It a term came German meaning “sea of rocks”.
(B) It is jagged, angular boulders produced by free-thaw.
(C) It is layer of chemically weathered rocks.
(D) A and B.
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46. When chemical weathering occur?
(A) When minerals are exposed to cool, wet and oxygen-poor surface conditions.
(B) When minerals are exposed to cool, wet and oxygen-rich surface conditions.
(C) When minerals are exposed to warm, dry and oxygen-poor surface conditions.
(D) All of the above.

47. Swelling potential is higher in:
(A) Clay minerals with 1:1 layer structure.
(B) Clay minerals with 2:1 structure.
(C) Clay minerals with single chain structure.
(D) Clay minerals with double chain structure.
48. Mottling is produced because of:
(A) Oxidation during saturated condition.
(B) Reduction during unsaturated conditions.
(C) Chemical weathering of limestone.
(D) None of the above.
49. Oxidation is:
(A) Loss of an electron.
(B) Gain of an electron.
(C) Split of water molecule (H2O) into proton (H+
) and hydroxide anion (OH-
)
(D) Disintegration of carbonic acid (H2CO3) into hydrogen (H+
) and bicarbonate iorns (HCO3
-
).
50. What is Goldich’s series?
(A) It is a weathering series.
(B) It is a crystallization series.
(C) Both A and B.
(D) None of the above.

Explanation / Answer

Question 26) answer A) RADAR data collected in 2000 to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the Earth
surface

Reason : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is an international research effort that obtains digital elevation models on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth ( by radar)

Question 27) C) It measures light signal travel time after returning from the object

Reason : the concept of lidar is that we have to shine a small light at a surface and measure the time it takes to return to its source.

Formula : Distance = (Speed of Light x Time of Flight) / 2

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