1. Sediment movement on hillslope without entrainment by concentrated flow of wa
ID: 297706 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Sediment movement on hillslope without entrainment by concentrated flow of water, wind or ice is considered to be a: A. Dissolution process. B. Diffusive process. C. Distant process. D. Chemical process. 6
2. The suite of processes that move soil and regolith downslope at a velocity proportionate to the slope angle is called: A. Soil creep. B. Soil consolidation. C. Soil fragmentation. D. Soil infiltration.
3. The three mechanisms of mass wasting are: A. Slumps, flows, and thrusts. B. Slumps, flows, and infiltration. C. Flows, thrusts, and infiltration. D. Slides, flows, and falls.
4. A factor of safety of ………………… indicated that the hillslope is only critically stable. A. 100 B. 10 C. 1 D. .1
5. Which of the followings are external factors controlling fluvial processes? A. River discharge. B. Sediment supply. C. Bed and bank material. D. All of the above.
6. A channel that is actively cutting into rock and flows directly over bedrock or over a thin layer of alluvium is referred to as: A. Alluvial channel. B. Colluvial channel. C. Floodplain channel. D. Bedrock channel.
7. In manning equation, the hydraulic radius refers to: A. Cross-sectional area of the flow / Wetted perimeter. B. Cross-sectional area of the flow + Wetted perimeter. C. Cross-sectional area of the flow + Slope of the channel. D. Cross-sectional area of the flow / Slope of the channel
8. Which of the followings is an accurate statement (in general)? A. Bedrock channels have higher Manning roughness coefficient than alluvial channels. B. Alluvial channels have higher Manning roughness coefficient than bedrock channels. C. Bedrock channels and alluvial channels have similar Manning roughness coefficient. D. Alluvial channels are expected to have Manning roughness coefficient higher than 0.2. 7
9. Effective discharge of a channel refers to: A. The discharge that transports the most water over a period of years or decades. B. The discharge that transports the most sediment over a period of years or decades. C. The discharge that results in the flooding of the channel’s floodplain. D. The discharge that results in bankfull flow. 1
10. Which of the following is not a term used in the calculation of the Froude number of a channel? A. Flow velocity. B. Flow depth. C. Catchment area of the basin. D. Gravitational acceleration.
11. Channels under critical flow have Froude number (Fr) of? A. 1000. B. 100 C. 10 D. 1
12. Channel’s extreme discharge events (50 years events) that move more sediments than effective discharge that results in changing the path of the channel are referred to as: A. Avulsions. B. Colluvials. C. Alluvials. D. Meandering.
13. A channel’s ……………………………. describes how its width, depth, and velocity vary as a function of fluctuation of discharge. A. At-a-station hydraulic variability. B. At-station hydraulic fluctuation. C. At-a-station hydraulic geometry. D. At-a-station hydraulic measurement.
14. The stream power is calculated using the equation: A. Water density * gravitational acceleration * discharge * shear strength. B. Water density * gravitational acceleration * discharge * channel slope. C. Water density * gravitational acceleration * discharge. D. Water density * gravitational acceleration * channel slope. 8
15. The erosion mechanisms that allow bedrock to incise into bedrock include: A. Abrasion, plucking and dissolution. B. Abrasion, saltation and dissolution. C. Abrasion, rolling and saltation. D. Abrasion, plucking and saltation.
16. Point bar, cutbank, thalweg, meanders and oxbow lakes are features associated with ………………….. A. Bedrock channel incision. B. Colluvial processes at hillslopes. C. Soil creep. D. Fluvial channel migration.
17. Which of the following is not a mechanism through which streams carry material? A Saltation. D. Dissolution. C. Suspension. D. Abrasion.
18. The mechanisms through which channels carry material at the river bed level include: A. Rolling and saltation. B. Dissolution and suspension. C. Saltation and dissolution. D. Rolling and suspension.
19. River sinuosity is calculated as: A. Channel length * Valley length. B. Channel length + Valley length. C. Channel length – Valley length. D. Channel length / Valley length.
20. Braided and anastomosing channel patterns are types of: A. Single-thread channel. B. Multi-thread channels. C. Bedrock channels. D. V-shape channels.
Explanation / Answer
Question 1
Answer: B. Diffusive process
Sediment movement on hillslope without entrainment by concentrated flow of water, wind or ice is considered to be a Diffusive process.
In hillslope, sediment transported to down slope.
Example soil creep and tree throw.
Diffusive process is related to the easy of sediment transport on hilslople.
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