Terms: parts per thousand, salinity, density, pycnocline, thermocline, gyres, Co

Question

Terms: parts per thousand, salinity, density, pycnocline, thermocline, gyres, Coriolis Effect, surface zone, transition zone, deep zone, cations, anions, ion know where the chemicals in sea water come from how the oceans are layered and what causes the layering how can the salinity of sea water be changed? know the major Atlantic and Pacific gyres and their direction of movement know how ocean gyres affect the climates of certain portions of the earth Atmospherie Sciences Part 1 Terms: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ozone, Ozone Layer, atmospheric pressure, high pressure systems, low pressure systems, barometer, bar, UV light, auroras what is the composition of the atmosphere? what is the structure (layering) in the atmosphere and how is it determined? how and where does ozone form in the atmosphere? know the weather conditions in high pressure and low pressure systems Atmospheric Sciences Part 2 Terms: weather, climate, seasons, solar angle, solstice, equinox, axial tilt, relative humidity, water vapor content, water vapor capacity, hygrometer, dew point temperature, Green house effect, Greenhouse Gases what causes the seasons and when do they occur? how water vapor capacity is controled by temperature how relative humidity is controled by temperature how the average solar angle is calculated how seasons, solar angle and atmospheric thickness control the climate - how the Green house effect works know how relative humidity is calculated - what happens to air when it reaches it's dewpoint temperature - know how a barometer works Atmospheric Sciences Part 3 orographic lifting, rainshadow desert, mid-latitude cyclones, tropical cyclones, convergence, fronts, warm fronts, cold fronts, convection, tropical disturbance, tropical storm, hurricane, Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, Polar Cell, ITCZ, Sub-tropical high, Polar front, Polar Easterlies, Westerlies, Trade winds know the processes that cause air to raise know how to predict wind direction in high pressure and low pressure systems -global wind patterns and atmospheric circulation patterns

Explanation / Answer

Atmospheric science part 1

(a) Composition of atmosphere is

Nitrogen 78.08%

Oxygen 20.95%

Argon 0.93%

CO2 0.036%

REST are other gases.

(b) Structure of atmosphere

The atmosphere is divided into different layers on the basis of atmospheric pressure and temperature profiles. Atmospheric temp. drops suddenly from its value at the surface til it reaches 10 km above the surface. This layer is called the troposphere and its pressure range is 1,000 millibars at sea level to 100 millibars at the tropopause. Above this, the temperature increaeses with height to about 45 km. This region is the stratosphere, with the pressure range from 100 millibars to 10 millibars at the stratopause. Above 50 km the temperature drops with altitude upto 80 km. This layer is the mesosphere with an atmospheric pressure of only 0.01 millibars. Above the mesosphere there is thermosphere, extending miles upward toward the vacuum and then the air density becomes scarer.

(c) Initially the O2 gas is there and when the UV radiation comes the become divided into 2 oxygen radicals,which further reacts with O2 to form O3.These all phenomen occurs in stratosphere.Then when again Uv radiations come O3 breaks into radicals hence again react with O2 to form more O3 gases.Hence ,they replicate and do not allow the UV radiation to come to Earth.

(d) It is generally known that low presssure is related to bad weather that is cloudy,rainy or snowy weather.While the high pressure is related to nice weather.

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