Moraines The glacier toe is the lowest end of a glacier and alternatively called
ID: 294699 • Letter: M
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Moraines The glacier toe is the lowest end of a glacier and alternatively called as glacier snout or terminus. There is a general assumption that glacial erosion ends near the toe of a glacier where moraine deposition begins. The glacier toe fluctuations are also representative of the glacier's advance or retreat. Upon retreat of the toe, both depositional and water features are left behind, many of which can be quite large (several hundred feet). The most seen features are moraines. There are four types of moraines; Lateral, Medial, Terminal and Recessional. Although similar in function, the name change depicts the location of their deposition. Valley Floor Features Other features left behind are pictured in the diagram below-lets discuss their names and how they function. a- Drumlins b- Kettle Lake Kete Tormnal c- Terminal Moraine Esker d- Outwash Plain Outwash plain e- Recessional Moraine Ground Ketle lakers f- Kames g Esker Questions On In Class Model Activity 6. What type of moraines are present in this model? 7. What is a moulin? 8. Is this glacier advancing or retreating? Why?Explanation / Answer
Valley floor features
a) Drumlins :- these are smooth,selongated, parallel hills. steep side faces the direction from which the ice advanced.it is occurred in clusters called Drumlins fields.
b) Kettle lakes :- these are depressions which are filled by the water. when boulder of ice melts it forms the depression.
c) Terminal moraine :- these type of moraine are formed at the edge of glacier. it forms across the valley floor. it carries large amount of debris.they occurred when retreating glacier paused.
d) Outwash plain :- when Huge water flowed from the mountain or hills towards its base, it carries finer sediments with it like gravel, pebble, sand and silt etc. these materials deposited at the base of mountains or hills which forms plains called Outwash plains.
e) Recessional moraines :- these are formed at the end of the glacier and found across the valley (not along it). they formed where retreating glacier remained stationary for sufficient time to produce a mound of material. the process is same as for a terminal moraine
f) Kames :- it is a hill which consist of gravel, sand, silt size sediments. these hills are formed when glacier is retreats.
g) Eskers:- it is long line of deposited gravel, sand , silt size sediments which are transported by river at time of glaciation. when the glacier retreated , the line exposed on the surface called as eskers.
6) In the given model, there are three types of moraines are found. they are ground moraine, terminal moraine, recessional moraine. ( terminal and recessional moraine are given aboveaa
ground moraine :- this type of moraines are found where the glacier ice meets the rock below the glacier. it may be washedwout from under the glacier by melt water streams. it left in situ when the glacier melts and retreats.
7) Moulin :- when water percolate through the cracks in the ice, it forms the hole in glacier called as moulin. these are found on hilltope as well as at the valley floor.
8) the glacier is retreating because we found terminal as well as recessional moraines in model which indicates that they are formed at retreating glacier.
In the diagram we can see
Horn, Arete, lateral moraines, medial moraines, drumlines etc.
In another diagram,
1) Horn, cirque glacier.
2) Horn , valley, Eskers, Valley floor
3) sediments
4) Valley Glacier
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