Over the past 7 years of your genetic counseling career, you have tracked the ba
ID: 2934450 • Letter: O
Question
Over the past 7 years of your genetic counseling career, you have tracked the babies born to the couples you have served. 236 babies were born. 109 of those babies were boys. 20 were twins (eg. 10 births of twins)
a)How does this value compare to the expected number of baby boys? Explain. Calculate the Chi square value, degrees of freedom, and probability.
b)The twin birth rate in an average population is ~3 sets of twins/100. For every hundred births, 3 of those births are of twins. How does your population compare to the expected frequency of twins? Explain. Calculate the Chi square value, degrees of freedom, and probability. Do you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
Explanation / Answer
answer
Ho: It is hypothesized that the baby boys and baby girls are born in equal proportion
Ha: It is hypothesized that the baby boys and baby girls are NOT born in equal proportion
Alpha = 0.05 assumed
Total number of babies born = 236 - 20 = 216
Number of baby boys (BB) = 109
Number of baby girls (BG) = 216-109 = 107
Number of twin babies are excluded because their gender is NOT indicated.
However, if you know anything, at least you can follow the procedure.
Calculation of X^2
Classes --- O ------ E ------ [(O-E)^2/E]
BB --------- 109 --- 108 ---- 0.009
BG --------- 107 --- 108 ---- 0.009
Total --------------------------- 0.018
Calculated value of X^2 = sigma [ (O-E)^2/E] = 0.018
O denotes observed frequency
E denotes expected frequency
E of baby boys = 216 * 1/2 = 108
E of baby girls = 216 * 1/2 = 108
Degrees of freedom = n-1 = 2-1 = 1
n denotes number of classes
Online p-value calculator for Chi-square test is used, which is available FREE on making a Google search
p-value = 0.893
Since the p-value (0.893) > the alpha value (0.05), it can be said that there is NO evidence to reject the Ho. i.e., Ho will be accepted.
It can be inferred that the baby boys and baby girls are born in equal proportion.
b) E of twin births = 3% of 10 = 0.3
follow the procedure indicated in 'a' to answer this question
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