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2. A family has 5 natural children and two adopted girls. Suppose the probabilit

ID: 2933398 • Letter: 2

Question

2. A family has 5 natural children and two adopted girls. Suppose the probability of each natural child to be boy or girl is equal, and independent with each other. Let X be the number of girls of the seven children they have, (a) calculate the probability mass function of X (b) Now we generalize this question. Suppose a family has a natural children and b adopted girls. Suppose the probability of each natural child to be boy or girl is equal, and independent with each other. Let X be the number of girls of the a + b children they have, write out the probability mass function of X.

Explanation / Answer

Solution

Let X = number of girls out of 7 (natural + adopted) children and Y = number of girls out of 5 natural children.

Part (a)

By the given conditions, Y ~ B(5, ½ ) and hence P(Y = y) = 5Cy(½)5 = (5Cy)/32 for all y = 0(1)5.

Given there are 2 adopted girls, minimum value of X is 2.

Pmf of X

X

Y

f(x)

0

-

0

1

-

0

2

0

(5C0)/32 = 1/32

3

1

(5C1)/32 = 5/32

4

2

(5C2)/32 = 10/32

5

3

(5C3)/32 = 10/32

6

4

(5C4)/32 = 5/32

7

5

(5C5)/32 = 1/32

Total

-

322/32 = 1

Or in general, f(x) = (5Cx - 2)/32, x = 0 (1) 7 [noting (nCx) = 0 for x < 0]

DONE

Part (b)

With a natural children and b adopted girls, the general form of pmf, f(x) would be

f(x) = (aCx - b)/2a, x = 0 (1) (a + b) [noting (nCx) = 0 for x < 0]

DONE

X

Y

f(x)

0

-

0

1

-

0

2

0

(5C0)/32 = 1/32

3

1

(5C1)/32 = 5/32

4

2

(5C2)/32 = 10/32

5

3

(5C3)/32 = 10/32

6

4

(5C4)/32 = 5/32

7

5

(5C5)/32 = 1/32

Total

-

322/32 = 1