Deviant Behavior, 36:807-822, 2015 ISSN: 0163-9623 pria/1521-0456 online DOI: 10

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Deviant Behavior, 36:807-822, 2015 ISSN: 0163-9623 pria/1521-0456 online DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2014977159 Routledge Taylor &Francis; Group The Intersection of Perceptions and Experiences of Bullying by Race and Ethnicity among Middle School Students in the United States Nadine M. Connell and Sarah El Sayed The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez The University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston, Texas, USA Natalie M. Schell-Busey Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA Little is known about how ethnic identity influences bullying. Using a racially diverse sample, we examine how within-race perceptions match experiences. We utilize bivariate probit regression to examine the correlation between actual and perceived victimization and bullying experiences Results suggest no differences in victimization by ethnicity but perceived victimization differed across groups. Perceived and actual bullying differed across all groups. School climate acted as a protective factor against bullying and victimization, but school diversity increased the likelihood of bullying by whites and Latinos. These findings shed light on the importance of ethnic identity in understanding the etiology of bullying.

Explanation / Answer

1.whether ethnic identity influences bullying.

2. Ethnic identity does not influence bullying:null hypothesis.

3.using a racially diverse sample bivariate probit regression is uused.

4.victimization and bullying experiences.amswer should be collected in binary way

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