Name: Environmental Microbiology Exam 3 Spring 2018 (100 pts) ? 20. Which statem

Question

Name: Environmental Microbiology Exam 3 Spring 2018 (100 pts) ? 20. Which statement best summarizes the major distinction between horizontal gene transfer and vertical gene transfer? A. The recipient of genes in horizontal transfer is a mature cell, whereas the recipient of genes in vertical transfer is a progeny cell. B. Horizontal transfer is observed in bacteria and archaca, whereas vertical transfer is in all cells. C. Organisms that use horizontal transfer can only reproduce asexually, whereas organisms use vertical transfer can reproduce sexually or asexually D. Gen vertical transfer that es are more stable in recipient cells following horizontal transfer that in those following 21. A.) True or B)False Cell walls of most Archaca and bacteria contain peptidoglycan. 22. A.) True or B.)False Methanogens may contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming due to methane production 23. A.) True or B.)False Some Archaca species are symbionts in animal digestive tracts. 24. Methanogenic Archaca are: A. obligate anacrobes that produce methane. B. obligate anaerobes that consume methane. C. obligate aerobes that produce methane. D. obligate acrobes that consume methane. 25. A.) True or B.)False Pseudomurein is a peptidoglycan-like molecule found in the cell walls of some archaea. 26. Defining features of the halobacteria include: A. absolute dependence on temperatures above 65°C for growth. B. the production of methane. C. absolute dependence on a high concentration of NaCl for growth. D. absolute dependence on low pH conditions for growth. 27. A.) True or B.)False A practical use of methanogens is the degradation of sewage sludge in an anaerobic digestor that produces methane, a valuable fuel. 28. A. True or B. False An example of a consortia occurs in marine sediments with methanotrophic Archaea (ANME types) and the sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Desulfosarcina genus. 29. A unicellular microorganism was recovered from a hot spring (95°C) in Wyoming. After observation, it was determined that the microbes lack a nucleus, have a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan, and have 70S ribosomes. Analysis of the plasma membrane reveals that the lipids contain long-chained branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages. Choose the domain in which this organism would be classified, based on the description provided. A. Archaea; B. Protist; C. Fungi; D. Bacteria 30. A. True or B. False Phylum Thaumarchaeota has a unique plasma membrane made of a monolayer of isoprene units with cyclopentane and cyclohexane ri ngs.

Explanation / Answer

Q20 ) correct answerer option A:- The recipient of genes in horizontal transfer is a mature cell where as the recipient of gene in vertical transfer is a progeny cell.

explanation :-

vertical transfer happens from a parent to a offspring. Progeny cell is a descendants, a child of a parent is called the progeny.

Mature cells are cells that can renew themselves. and in horizontal transfer is the the transfer of genes in unicellular or/and multicellular organism. an it is happens in mature cells.

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