QuestionDetails: A news article on the Reuters Health website, Dec.18, 1998 repo

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QuestionDetails: A news article on the Reuters Health website, Dec.18, 1998 reported that    A study of over 1200 people over age 65showed that the "owls"- those who go to sleep after 11 p.m. andrise after 8 a.m.- tend to be as healthy and intelligent as"larks"- those who go to bed before 11p.m. and rise before 8 a.m. -according to a report in the December 19/26 issue of theBritish Medical Jouranl. The researhers also foundthat owls tend to have higher average income than the earlybirds. a. Do you think this is based on an observational study or arandomized experiment? Explain. b. It is mentioned that the "owls" have higher average incomethan the "larks". Explain whether or not income is a possibleconfounding variable in this study. c. Give an example of a possible confounding variable that isnot mentioned. QuestionDetails: A news article on the Reuters Health website, Dec.18, 1998 reported that    A study of over 1200 people over age 65showed that the "owls"- those who go to sleep after 11 p.m. andrise after 8 a.m.- tend to be as healthy and intelligent as"larks"- those who go to bed before 11p.m. and rise before 8 a.m. -according to a report in the December 19/26 issue of theBritish Medical Jouranl. The researhers also foundthat owls tend to have higher average income than the earlybirds. a. Do you think this is based on an observational study or arandomized experiment? Explain. b. It is mentioned that the "owls" have higher average incomethan the "larks". Explain whether or not income is a possibleconfounding variable in this study. c. Give an example of a possible confounding variable that isnot mentioned. QuestionDetails: A news article on the Reuters Health website, Dec.18, 1998 reported that    A study of over 1200 people over age 65showed that the "owls"- those who go to sleep after 11 p.m. andrise after 8 a.m.- tend to be as healthy and intelligent as"larks"- those who go to bed before 11p.m. and rise before 8 a.m. -according to a report in the December 19/26 issue of theBritish Medical Jouranl. The researhers also foundthat owls tend to have higher average income than the earlybirds. a. Do you think this is based on an observational study or arandomized experiment? Explain. b. It is mentioned that the "owls" have higher average incomethan the "larks". Explain whether or not income is a possibleconfounding variable in this study. c. Give an example of a possible confounding variable that isnot mentioned.

Explanation / Answer

a. Observational study because there is no control/experimentalgroups for it to be an experiment. b. It is because those with a higher income could be working jobsthat require more work and hence they are going to bed later. c. The society that the people live in may be a confoundingvariable. Different societies values different types of work For example, a coal mining society would pay more to coal minersthan scientists and they would receive more benefits.

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