note: reservoir quantities in Km^3, flux quantities in Km^3/yr Reservoirs: Ocean
ID: 291245 • Letter: N
Question
note: reservoir quantities in Km^3, flux quantities in Km^3/yr
Reservoirs:
Ocean: 1.338 * 10^9
Cryosphere: 2.436 * 10^7
Atmosphere: 1.30 * 10^4
Fluxes:
Fluxes to atmosphere : ET from land 6.50 *10^4 , Evaporation from Cryosphere 2.00 * 10^3 , Evaporation from ocean 4.37 * 10^5.
Fluxes from atmosphere : Precipitation to land 1.11 * 10^5 , Precipitation to Cryosphere 2.436 * 10^7 , Precipitation to ocean 3.880 *10^5.
Fluxes to Cryosphere : Precipitation from atmosphere 5.00 * 10^3 , Freezing from Ocean 8.00 * 10^2 .
Fluxes from Cryosphere : Discharge to ocean 4.30 *10^3 , evaporation to atmosphere 2.00 *10^3.
Fluxes to ocean : Precipitation from atmosphere 3.880 * 10^5 , Discharge from Cryosphere 4.30 * 10^3 , SW runoff from land 4.095 * 10^4 , Gw discharge from land 4.55 * 10^3
Fluxes from ocean : freezing fom ocean 8.00 10^2 to cryosphere , Evaporatio frrom ocean to atmosphere 4.37 * 10^5
Fluxes from Land : ET 6.50 * 10^4 to atmosphere , SW runoff to ocean 4.095 * 10^4 , GW dicharge to ocean 4.55 * 10^3.
Fluxes to land : Precipitation from atmosphere 1.11 * 10^5.
A. What are the subtotals of fluxes to and from the atmosphere? Is the atmospheric reservoir operating at steady state or is it transient?
B. What are the subtotals of fluxes to and from the cryosphere? Is the cryosphere reservoir operating at steady state or is it transient?
Explanation / Answer
A.Subtotal flux to atmosphere=(6.5*10^4+2.00*10^3+4.37*10^5)km^3/year
=5.04*10^5 km^3/year
Subtotal flux from atmosphere=(1.11*10^5+2.436*10^7+3.880*10^5)km^3/year
=2.4*10^7 km^3/year
If we now just multiply these flux quantities with 1 year then we get the quantities in km^3 unit and compare it to the reservoir quantity.
For atmosphere,total input flux=(reservoir flux+total flux to atmosphere)km^3
=(1.3*10^4+5.04*10^5)km^3
=5.17*10^5 km^3
total output flux=2.4*10^7 km^3
Though the flux from the atmosphere is much greater to the quantity entering the atmosphere,so the atmosphere is in transient state.
B.Subtotal flux to Cryosphere=(5*10^3+8*10^2)km^3/year
=5.8*10^3 km^3/year
Subtotal flux from Cryosphere=(4.3*10^3+2*10^3)km^3/year
=6.3*10^3 km^3/year
If we now just multiply these flux quantities with 1 year then we get the quantities in km^3 unit and compare it to the reservoir quantity.
For Cryosphere,total input flux=(reservoir flux+total flux to Cryosphere)km^3
=(2.436*10^7+5.8*10^3)km^3
=2.43658*10^7 km^3
total output flux=6.3*10^3 km^3
Though the flux from the Cryosphere is much lesser to the quantity entering the Cryosphere,so the Cryosphere is in steady state.
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