The following drawing illustrates the water-level task. Several developmental ps

Question

The following drawing illustrates the water-level task. Several developmental psychologists have investigated performance on this task. The figure on the left shows the water level in a glass of water that is half full (or is it half empty?). The figure on the right shows the same glass tipped to the right, but the water level is not shown. The task is to correctly draw the water line in this glass.

Some psychologist examined the water-level task success rate of 40 students from each of five different colleges within a university. Within each college, the sample included 20 men and 20 women. The investigators showed each participant eight different drawings of tipped glasses. If the participant correctly drew the water line on four or more of the drawings, he or she was given a "passing" result. Here is a contingency table of the results:

(a) Compare the colleges using row percentages. (Round the answers to one decimal place.)

(c) What are the degrees of freedom, df, for a chi-square test?
df =

(d) The chi-square statistic for this table is 10.769. Determine a p-value. (Give your answer correct to three decimal places.)
p-value =

(e) For each college, what are the expected counts for "Pass" and "Fail" outcomes?

Result on Task College Pass Fail Total Business 26 14 40 Language Arts 23 17 40 Social Sciences 20 20 40 Natural Sciences 28 12 40 Engineering 33 7 40 Total 130 70 200 Water line is shown Draw the water line

Explanation / Answer

a)

c)

df = (r-1)(c-1) = 4

d)

p-value = =CHISQ.DIST.RT(10.769,4)

=0.029287

e)

expected value = row sum * column sum /total

Business 0.65 0.35 Language Arts 0.575 0.425 Social Sciences 0.5 0.5 Natural Sciences 0.7 0.3 Engineering 0.825 0.175

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