1. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), a non-profit group affiliated with
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Question
1. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), a non-profit group affiliated with the US National Academy of Sciences, reviewed a study measuring bone quality and levels of vitamin-D in a random sample from bodies of 675 people who died in good health. 8.5% of the 82 bodies with low vitamin-D levels (below 50 nmol/L) had weak bones. Comparatively, 1% of the 593 bodies with regular vitamin-D levels had weak bones.
True or False? If the hypothesis test has P-value = 0.03, IOM researchers can conclude that low vitamin-D levels cause weak bones.
A.True
B.False
2. The following excerpts are from an article titled "Public Takes Conservation Turn on Gun Control, Abortion," published April 30, 2009, in pewresearch.org by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press.
Which of the following excerpts describes a comparison that is appropriate for testing a hypothesis about the difference in two population proportions? Check all that apply.
A. "For the first time in a Pew Research survey, nearly as many people believe it is more important to protect the right of Americans to own guns (45%) than to control gun ownership (49%)."
B. "Overall, a third of Americans—including 42% of men and 25% of women—say they have a gun, rifle or pistol in their home."
C. "The change has been less pronounced among white non-Hispanic Catholics: In August, 51% said that abortion should be legal in most cases; in both October surveys, 55% favored legal abortion."
Explanation / Answer
Solution1:
Ho:low vitamin-D levels has no effect on weak bones.
H1:low vitamin-D levels cause weak bones.
p=0.03
p<0.05 Reject Ho
Accept H1
wec an conclude that low vitamin-D levels cause weak bones.
TRUE
Solution2:
A.
"For the first time in a Pew Research survey, nearly as many people believe it is more important to protect the right of Americans to own guns (45%) than to control gun ownership (49%)."
p1=0.45
p2=0.49
Ho:p1=p2
H1: p1 not = p2
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