Breakwater Sea wall FIGURE3 Coastal structures-sea walls, along the shore to the

Question

Breakwater Sea wall FIGURE3 Coastal structures-sea walls, along the shore to themj. Breakwa te sop erosion of the shore or extend the shoreline (as sediment is used to fill in behind of being cied bech so the longshore dift is broken and sand accumulates behind them shore with the longshore current), Groins are short walls constructecd structures-sea walls, breakwaters, groins, and jetties. Sea walls are constructed are a type of offishore sea wall constructed paralilel to shoreline. The breakwaters stop waves from reaching the beach, so the longshore drit trap sand on the side from which the longshore current is carrying sand against them. Jetties are long harbors. However, they also trap sand just like groins walls constructed at entrances to harbors to keep waves from entering the Groin (or groyne)-a short wall constructed per- during Etruscan times (600 B.c.). Adria had such up-current side of the groin in relation to the Po River has deposited sediment at its mouth in mouths of harbors and used to protect the harbor Adriatic Sea. The modern shoreline is far down pendicular to shoreline in order to trap sand and fame as to give its name to the Adriatic Sea, the into which the Po River flows. Ovth make or build up a beach. Sand accumulates on the Po Delta. Because of the Po Delta's progradatio longshore current. Jetties-long walls extending from shore at the Adria is no longer located on the shoreline of the stream from Adria. Questions 1. What has been the average annual rate of Po entrance from filling with sand or being eroded by waves and currents. Jetties are usually con- structed of boulders and in pairs (one on each side of a harbor or inlet). PART A: DYNAMIC NATURAL COASTLINES Delta progradation in centimeters per year (cm/yr) since Adria was a thriving seaport the coastline of the Adriatic Sea? Refer to the Space Shuttle photograph of the Po Delta, Italy (Figure 4). The city of Adria, on the Po River in northern Italy, was a thriving seaport 2. Based on the average annual rate calculate Question 1, how many centimeters would Po Delta prograde during the lifetime of someone who lived to be 60 years old?

Explanation / Answer

1. Assuming that the shoreline has shifted 40 km SW (relative to the city of Adria) due to delta progradation, the average annual rate of Po Delta progradation since 600 BC must have been 4000000/2600=1538.46 cm/yr.

2. During the lifetime of someone who lived for 60 years, the Po Delta would prograde about 92307 cms.

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