there is an upward flow component. If there is no obvious upward or downward gra
ID: 288208 • Letter: T
Question
there is an upward flow component. If there is no obvious upward or downward gradient, then the flow is horizontal. Given the following pairs of piezometers, which have a definite upward flow component, which have a downward flow component, and which are undefined, and thus considered to be horizontal. b. The vertical component of the hydraulic gradient is letermined in the field by measuring the depth to water in two adjacent piezometers that are open at different depths and dividing the depth to water Depth to Well Pair Depth Ground Water 35.55 ft 72.14 ft 45.33 ft 82.33 ft 108.54 ft 123.44 ft 12.33 ft 15.77 ft 23.67 ft 23.60 ft 3455 ft 34.67 ft 18.70 ft 18.73 ft 7.88 ft 7.84 ft difference by the vertical distance between the IB two piezometer points. The accuracy with which one can make the measurements of elevation and depth to water is limited. Top of casing elevations can be measured to ±0.01 ft and depth to water is ±0.04 ft.! If the shallow well has a greater head than the deeper well, then there is a downward component of flow. If the deeper well has the greater head, thenExplanation / Answer
In well pair AB the depth difference of AB is 72.14-35.55 =36.59 and the depth difference of ground water is0.07. the hydraulic gradient will be .07/36.59= 0.00191 Here the shallow well has the greater head than deeper well so there is downward component of flow .
In well pair CD the depth diffeerence is 82.33-45.33 = 37 and the ground water depth differnce is 0.12. the hydraulic gradient will be 0.12/37 = 0.00324. here the shallow well has the lesser head than deeper well so there is upward component of flow.
In well EF the depth difference is 14.9 and the ground water depth difference is 0.03. the hydraulic gradient will be .03/14.9 = 0.00201 . Here the deeper well has the greater head than the shallow well so there is upward component of flow.
In the well GH the depth difference is3.44 and the ground water difference is .04. the hudraulic gradient will be .04/3.44 = .0116 . Here the deeper well has lesser head than shallow well so there is downward component of flow.
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