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ID: 288100 • Letter: C
Question
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https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=23259c1cf923453aa9429ba2c6457b34
Introduction
The link for #1 in the Story Map routes to a USGS report that does not directly address landslide speed. Please use the following information to answer #1: The slope of the terrain, the water content of the soil and geologic materials at a particular location, and the volume of debris are all factors that influence the velocity of a given landslide. The time since the last landslide in a given place does not directly affect a landslide’s speed.
1. According to the website, which of the following factors does not influence the speed of landslides?
A. Slope of ground
B. Water content
C. Volume of debris
D. Time since last landslide
2. Other than the rock material, what are the two most important factors in chemical weathering?
A. Water and slope of land
B. Debris type and water
C. Slope of land and temperature
D. Water and temperature
3. How are caves and caverns, once underground, now visible on the surface in this mature tropical karst environment?
A. A decrease in water levels exposed the caves and caverns
B. Terracing of mountains for agricultural production exposed them
C. Tectonic uplift and weathering and erosion of mountains exposed them
D. Removal of vegetation exposed the caves and caverns
The link immediately before Question 4 in the Story Map provides footage that will help you appreciate the speed of landslides, but the footage does not contain the information you need to answer #4. Please also watch the video available at the link below, about mass wasting events in Yosemite National Park, then answer #4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0YhlqP1BgE
4. What does the presence of lichen on boulders tell scientists?
A. It tells us the parent material of the debris
B. It tells us the relative time of a mass wasting event
C. It tells us what the slope of the land used to be
D. It tells us what the moisture content was at the time of the mass wasting event.
5. What are the characteristics of areas generally considered not to be safe from landslides
A. On flat areas away from slopes
B. On hard, non-jointed bedrock that has not moved in the past
C. At the base of minor drainage hollows
D. At the top or along the nose of ridges, set back from the tops of slopes
Explanation / Answer
1 (D) Time since last landslide doesnot depend on the speed of the landslide. The other factors like water content, slope and debris volume directly relates with the speed of the landslide because these are inherent factors within the soil that triggers and speed up landslide.
2 (B) (D) Debris type, water and temperature are necessary causes for chemical weathering. Firstly, debris type may vary, a less resistant rock is more prone to chemical compared to high resistant rocks. E.g. quartz is a more resistant rock to chemical weathering compared to feldspar which alter to kaolinite on chemical weathering.
Water is also a driving agent in chemical weathering because a wet moist climate leads to chemical weathering compared to dry arid climate where mechanical weathering is dominant.
Temperature also plays a vital role because a warmer temperature leads to more chemical weathering.
3 (C) The best suitable reason is due to tectonic uplift, erosion and weathering of mountain or cap rock that exposed these karst topography. A place having orogenic setting leads to upliftment of the basement along with the underground topography that leads to exposure of the caves and caverns. Erosion of cap rocks also exposes undergrounf features.
4 (B) Lichen tells us about the relative time of mass wasting event. Lichens are widespread used in dating geologic events especially landslide and the study of this method is called lichenometry. It is done by measuring the number of lichens in a particular location and averaging the age of the lichens an estimate can be made in dating the landslide.
5 (D) At the top or along the nose of ridges, set back from the tops of slopes. In most cases slump occurs in these regions along with debris flow, slurry etc. So this region is best prone to landslide.
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