1. Catenary differentiation of soils results from different geomorphic processes
ID: 287692 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Catenary differentiation of soils results from different geomorphic processes acting on a slope Which of these is not one of the processes?
A. soils creep B. soil water movement C. rapid mass movement
D. transfer of materials downslope through erosion E. tramsfer of material upslope due to creep
2.Which of these soil properties cannot be easily altered by cultivation?
A. bulk density B. Texture C. porosity D. cation exchange capacity (cec) E. percentage base saturation(pbs)
3.A soil in which the individual grains are completely disaggregated (separated) is described as:
A. Structureless B. Fine Structure C. Crunchy structure D. chunky structure E. platy structure
4. The mass (weight) of a unit volume of dry soil(g/cm3) is:
A. particle density B. soil density C. Bulk density D. mass density E. separate density
5.Fine textured soils have higher total porosity than sandy soils, but water percolation is faster in sandy soils because
A. sandy soils have higher porportion of macropores B. Sandy soils have higher proportion of micropores
C. fine textured soils have higher proportion of macropores D. sandy soils have lower bulk density E. Sandy soils are hydrophobic
6. Which of these statements is NOT correct about soil aggregate stability?
A. organic matter promotes aggregate stability B. aggregate stability promotes high soil infiltration rates
C. a well aggregated soil have lower porosity and higher bulk density D. aggregated stability can be easily destroyed by cultivation E.none of the above
7. Which of these soil properties does not influence soil infiltration rates?
A. texture B. bulk density C. total porosity D. organic matter E. none of the above.
8. which of these statements is NOT coorect about soil color?
A. dark color is an indication of the presence of organic matter B. red color suggests advanced weathering and oxidation process
C. gray/blue color suggests reduction process and an indication of poorly drained soils D. soil color varies within the profile
E. soil color is the same within the profile
9. The nature of the aggangement of soil particles into groups or aggregates is described as:
A. texture B. structure C. Consistency D. cementation E. sorting
10. Soil classifcation (taxonomy) into major soil groups is based on ALL of the following except?
A. Agricultural potential B. soil moisture regime C. soil temperature regime D. Diagnostic horizon E. soil properties
11.Which of these soils types is not likely to be found in california?
A. oxisols B. spodosols C. inceptisols D. adisols E. entisols
Explanation / Answer
1. Gerrard (1981), suggested that erosion (surface wash), soil creep, sudden mass movement, and soil water movement is the major process responsible for catenary differentiation of soil. therefore E is the right answer.
2. The texture of any soil cannot be easily altered by cultivation because alteration of texture of soil requirs mixing of different proportions of sand silt and clay which cannot be easily attained through cultivation itself. So B is the right answer.
3. The structureless soil has no visible aggregation and they also lack in a definite arrangement. therefore A is the correct answer.
4. Bulk density can be defined as mass per unit volume of dry soil. So C is the correct answer.
5. The fine textured soils have the higher proportion of micropores which holds water against gravity. Whereas, the constituent particles of sandy soil is mainly comprised of sand-size particles, therefore, contains a large number of voids in comparison to another soil type. Consequently, water drains quickly through these voids. Therefore, C is the right answer.
6. The statement C is incorrect because aggregation increases the porosity and decreases the bulk density of the soil.
7. E is the correct answer as all of the mentioned factor affects the soil infiltration rate.
8. E is the correct answer as the color of soil varies within the soil profile.
9. Soil structure therefore B is the correct answer.
10. B. soil moisture regime
11. D. adisols
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