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1. The interior of Earth consists almost entirely of __________ rock solid molte

ID: 286483 • Letter: 1

Question

1. The interior of Earth consists almost entirely of __________ rock

solid

molten

sedimentary

felsic

2. Why is the outer core the only layer in Earth that is molten?

The pressure decreases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt.

The pressure increases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt.

The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron.

The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt olivine.

3. An important first step in mitigating volcanic hazards at a volcano is to __________ .

compile a hazard assessment map

try to divert or stop active volcanic hazards

evacuate people at the first sign of trouble

measure heat flow in the region

6.

Granite, a course-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock is most similar in mineral composition to __________ , which is a fine-grained, felsic extrusive equivalent.

andesite

basalt

gabbro

rhyolite

7.

An irregular-shaped and bloblike igneous rock body that cooled beneath the surface of Earth is a __________.

dike

pluton

sill

laccolith

8.

Which type of magma has the greatest silica content?

felsic

intermediate

mafic

ultramafic

9.

Lithification occurs

in the shallow subsurface.

at the surface of Earth.

deep under the ground

high in the mountains

QUESTION 10

If a geologist found preserved polygonal cracks in a sedimentary rock, he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed

was once covered in wet mud.

was once covered by a glacier.

has been subjected to a major climate change event.

was the site of a mass extinction event.

QUESTION 11

How are chalk and chert different?

They have different grain sizes.

They are made of different source materials.

Chalk is terrestrial; chert is marine.

Chalk is biochemical; chert is chemical.

QUESTION 12

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of

grain size.

degree of sorting.

angularity.

mineral composition.

QUESTION 13

Lithification, the process by which sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks, includes

erosion and transportation

transportation and cementation

erosion and deposition

compaction and cementation

QUESTION 14

Compaction and cementation of grains occur during

erosion

lithification

transport

weathering

QUESTION 15

Diagenesis refers to

weathering at the outcrop.

lithification.

transportation.

deposition.

the development of layering within sedimentary rocks.

the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock.

physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock.

the natural process of separating sediment by grain size.

Grains become rounded primarily during

Grains become rounded primarily during

weathering at the outcrop.

lithification.

transportation.

deposition.

solid

molten

sedimentary

felsic

2. Why is the outer core the only layer in Earth that is molten?

The pressure decreases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt.

The pressure increases within Earth, thus allowing iron to melt.

The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron.

The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt olivine.

Explanation / Answer

1.

Answer: Solid

Explanation: Most of the interior of the Earth is filled with the solid material. The lower mantle and the inner core are composed by the solid material, whereas the upper mantle and outer core is in liquid form.

2.

Answer: The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron.

Explanation: The temperature of the outer core is very high and has less pressure that leads to melt iron.

3.

Answer: Evacuate people at the first sign of trouble.

6.

Answer: Rhyolite

7.

Answer: Pluton

8.

Answer: Felsic

9.

Answer: In the shallow surface

10.

Answer: Was once covered in wet mud.

11.

Answer: They have different grain sizes.

12.

Answer: Grain size

13.

Answer: Compaction and cementation

14.

Answer: Lithification

15.

Answer: Lithification

16. Grains become rounded primarily during

Answer: Lithification