TRUE OR FALSE FOR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: The skeletogenic mesenchymal cells have

Question

TRUE OR FALSE FOR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:

The skeletogenic mesenchymal cells have the ability to influence the cell fate of neighboring cells.

The non-skeletogenic mesenchymal cells undergo a full epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during sea urchin gastrulation.

During embryogenesis, cleavage is an accelerated form of cell division due to the absence of the gap phases in the cell cycle of the blastomeres.

Sea urchin zygotes (1-cell stage embryos) rely on transcription from their own genomes to sustain their own development.

Explanation / Answer

Question 1) True

During embryonal developement, the micromeres (which are formed due to the unequal cleavage of the blastomeres), the micromeres specify the veg2 layer which helps specify the veg 1 layer. the micromeres then undergo autonomic specification to become skeletogenic mesenchymes and these micromeres produce the initial signals that determine the tier of nearby cells.

Question 2) False

Non skeletogenic or secondary mesenchymal cells do not undergo full EMT, that is done by the primary or skeletogenic mesenchymal cells

Question 3) True

During cleavage G1 and G2 phases are completely omitted. The cells cycle rapidly between M and S phases

Question 4)True

The phenomenon known as maternal to zygotic transition where transcription is silenced until a few days does exist in a few organisms, but in sea urchins 1 cell enbryos do perform transcription.

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