Which of the following is responsible for increasing the strength of the heart\'

Question

Which of the following is responsible for increasing the strength of the heart's contractions? a. an increase in epinephrine b. an increase in norepinephrine c. an increase in vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone) d. an increase in acetylcholine Which of the following statements regarding the protein FOX01 is false? FOXO1 activation increases the expression of genes related to greater longevity b. FOX01 is activated by caloric restriction in worm, flies, and rodents c. FOX01 is deactivated by insulin signalling d. none of the above are false During aerobic exercise, there is a redistribution of blood flow throughout the body. Which of the following statements is true? a. beta- b. there is a large increase in blood flow to the brain to keep you alert c. since total cardiac outp 2 receptors cause dilation and increased blood flow to the exercising muscle ut increases, the mean arterial pressure also increases several fold blood flow to the kidneys and gut increases due to the presence of alpha-2 receptors d. Some individuals will faint if they are strapped to a vertical tilt table and remain perfectly motionless. Which of the following scenarios correctly outlines the physiological events, in order, that lead up to fainting? arterial pressure decreases, baroreceptors increase firing rate, SNS activity b. mean arterial pressure increases, baroreceptors increase firing rate, SNS activity c. mean arterial pressure decreases, baroreceptors decrease firing rate, SNS activity d. mean arterial pressure decreases, baroreceptors decrease firing rate, SNS activity decreases, heart rate drops, faint increases, heart rate increases, faint increases, heart rate increases, faint decreases, heart rate decreases, faint

Explanation / Answer

1) Epinephrine acts on beta1 receptors present in the cardiac myocytes and causes increase in heart rate, increase in force of contractility of heart and increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the answer for this question is option a (increase in epinephrine).

2) FOX01 gene plays an important role in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Therefore, it gets deactivated by insulin signalling and activated by caloric restriction which causes hypoglycemia. It exerts negative regulation on adipogenesis. Therefore, none if the given options are false. (Option d).

3) During aerobic exercise, there is an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. There will be a redistribution of blood flow throughout the body. There will be an increase in cardiac output and the mean arterial pressure also increases several fold (option c).

4) When some individuals stand still and remain motionless, they faint because of drop in mean arterial pressure which in turn decreases baroreceptor firing rate. This will lead to decrease in SNS activity and heart rate leading to fainting (option d).

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