Genetic engineering has been used to do which of the following: Make bacteria th

Question

Genetic engineering has been used to do which of the following:

Make bacteria that produce human proteins

Make plants more resistant to disease

Improve the nutritional quality of plants

All of the above

1 points   

QUESTION 2

The mechanism of intake of DNA fragments from the surrounding medium by a cell is called

Recombination

Transformation

Screening

Sequencing

1 points   

QUESTION 3

In the lab, DNA can be cut at a specific sequence in rDNA technology using:

Ligase

Restriction Endonuclease

DNA Polymerase

Helicase

1 points   

QUESTION 4

When ‘sticky ends’ are paired they can be covalently joined by:

Restriction Enzymes

Methylase

DNA Ligase

X-gal

Make bacteria that produce human proteins

Make plants more resistant to disease

Improve the nutritional quality of plants

All of the above

Explanation / Answer

1. Options (a) make bacteria that produce human proteins, (b) make plants more resistant to disease, and (c) improve the nutritional quality of plants come under genetic engineering. For example human insulin is produced from bacteria using reccombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering helps to produce disease resistant plants and improve the nutritional quality of plants.

The answer is option (d) all the above.

2. (a). Recombination: Process in which broken pieces of DNA are recombined to produce a new allele. (b). Transformation: direct intake of exogenous DNA from a cell's surrounding through the cell membrane. (c). Screening: lab procedure to identify mutations or desirable phenotypes. (d). Sequencing: process of identifying the order of nucleotides within a DNA sequence.

Hence the mechanism of intake of DNA fragments from the surrounding medium by a cell is called transformation.

3. Ligase creates phosphodiester bonds to join DNA fragments with blunt ends. Restriction endonucleases cut at specific DNA target sequences. DNA Polymerases synthesize DNA molecules and Helicases seperate double stranded DNA into single stranded DNA.

In the lab, DNA can be cut at a specific sequence in rDNA technology using (b) Restriction endonucleases.

4. Restriction Enzymes cut the DNA at a specific target site resulting in producing either sticky ends (cohesive ends) or blunt ends. The sticky end has protruding unpaired nucleotides overhangs that anneal with another complementary one to form double stranded DNA and DNA ligase joins the adjacent strands of DNA using a covalent bond. The covalent bond is formed between the sugar-phosphate moieties of the adjacent nucleotides to join via a phosphodiester bond.

So the answer os (c) DNA Ligase.

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