Hello I really need help with the below question. It\'s a case study and the que

Question

Hello I really need help with the below question. It's a case study and the questions are at the end.

Part I—The Hospital

At last the day had come. Mr. Thompson was having his wisdom teeth removed. He was tired of the aches and pains and the sight of his puffy face in the mirror every morning. He felt helpless, lying on the gurney watching the ceiling lights whiz by as he was being wheeled to surgery. Mr. Thompson had selected this particular oral surgeon because of the sign outside his practice that read: “We cater to cowards.” But the surgeon still hadn’t seemed to understand Mr. Thompson’s fear of dental procedures; he had wanted to use a local anesthetic. Fortunately, the anesthesiologist was sympathetic to his request for a general anesthetic. As the mask came over Mr. Thompson’s face, he felt so alone. It reminded him of how he felt as a boy, in the orphanage. Then the halothane* started to take effect and he went under. As surgery was about to begin, Mr. Thompson started twitching. The anesthesiologist saw Mr. Thompson’s heart rate increase, his muscle contractions become strong and widespread throughout his body, and the patient began to sweat profusely. As Mr. Thompson’s temperature quickly increased, the anesthesiologist injected a solution into the IV drip. Then Mr. Thompson went limp and all that could be heard was the sound of oxygen rushing through the ventilator, assisting Mr. Thompson’s breathing. “Next time we do as I say and we use a local,” muttered the angry surgeon as he glared at Mr. Thompson.

*Halothane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It reduces the blood pressure and frequently decreases the pulse rate and depresses respiration. Source: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01159

Part II—The Motor Neuron

Halothane clearly had an effect on Mr. Thompson’s voluntary motor system. During this case study you will determine the location of this effect by looking at the normal function of motor nerves, chemical synapses, and the muscles. You will determine how halothane could act to produce strong and prolonged muscle contractions.

Step 1 – An action potential enters the presynaptic terminal.

Step 2 – Voltage-gated channels open and sodium and potassium ions enter the presynaptic terminal.

Step 3 – Sodium ion cause vesicular membrane to fuse with the presynaptic membrane.

Step 4 - Neurotransmitter liberated into the synaptic cleft.

Discuss each of the four stages to whether halothane could alter motor neuron function to produce strong muscle contractions.

Explanation / Answer

ans- halothane is a common anesthetic drug used all over the globe as it has very less side effects on patient health. the possible location of effect of halothane is the voltage gated ion channels. this has inhibitory effect on the sodium ion channels but have inductive effect on the potassium channels.

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