have been posting the same questions and not getting an answer for. so please an

Question

have been posting the same questions and not getting an answer for. so please answer those questions

please answer all the questions through this website . https://evolution4e.sinauer.com/ch16.html

excirse 16.1

Question 1. Is the group of the queried sequences monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic? Explain.

Question 2. Based on your answer to Questiong 1, what inference can be drawn about how the three subjects were infected?

Question 3. What can be inferred about the Serbian infected population from the observed phylogenetic patterns?

Question 4. Do the env sequences show a similar pattern to the pol sequences

Question 5. Do any of the individual subjects have sequences that form a monopyletic group? Explain.

Question 6. Which individual has the most phylogenetically diverse sequences?

Question 7. What inference about the transmission of HIV-1 among the subjects is most likely? Why?

Question 8. Based on the timeline at the bottom, what inference can we make about when Subject 1 was infected? Explain.

Question 9. What assumption are we making in Q8 regarding the dating of the infection of Subject 1?

Question 10. Recall that Subject 1 brought a lawsuit against Subject 3 for knowingly infecting him. What type of result would have supported that claim?

Question 11. The researchers used maximum likelihood methods in their analysis. Why do you think they would have used maximum likelihood over parsimony analysis?

Explanation / Answer

Question 1: From the figure, we can see that the queried sequence are monophyletic.

Question 2: Since, these are monophyletic, they share a common ancestor. That means, in this case, the infection has spread from a same person.

Question 3: Serbian infected population was infected by various sources rather than one person.

Question 4: In case of queried sequence, it shows similar pattern. But when considering the whole phylogeny, the pattern is different.

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