please answer in dept or as detailed as possible. thank you! BMS 504 General Mic
ID: 277667 • Letter: P
Question
please answer in dept or as detailed as possible. thank you!
BMS 504 General Microbiology Laboratory Laboratory 12 Questions Food microbiology 1. What is the difference between nonhalophile, halotolerant, halophile, and extreme halophile? 2. Why salt concentration can inhibit certain microorganisms? (Hint: osmolarity) 3. In terms of cellular components, discuss why halophiles are able to resist higher salt concentrations that nonhalophiles What is the common name given to Saccharomyces cerevisiae? 4.Explanation / Answer
Hi Answer:
Q.1. What is the difference between nonhalophile, halotolerant, halophile and extreme halophile?
Answer: Nonhalophile: are those bacteria which are unable to grow in the presence of any salt concentration. They didn’t grow even a minute concentration of salt.
Halotolerant: Those organism’s which didn’t like to grow in the presence of salt, but they can sustain in the presence of salt in the environment. Example: Cynobacteria
Halophile: The organisms which grow only in the presence of salt in the medium are known as the halophiles. Example: Halogeometricum
Extreme halophile: These are counted as extremophiles which require certain extreme conditions to grow. The organisms which grow only at very high salt concentrations are known as extreme halophiles. Example: Salinibacter ruber
Q. 2.Why salt concentration can inhibit certain microorganisms?
Answer: The exact answer is the process of osmosis which sucks all water from inside the microorganism and due to dry or absence of water they died. The osmosis process can be understood like this. As we know that the bacterial cell wall is permeable to water so when there is a high concentration of salt outside environment than the water from the microorganism’s cytoplasm rush towards the outside to dilute it. This outward movement of water from cell shrinks the cell and inhibit them.
Q. 3. In terms of cellular components, discuss why halophiles are able to resist higher salt concentration that nonhalophile?
Answer: The halophiles are able to live in the higher salt concentration by two strategies by which they prevent the desiccation through osmotic movement. First strategies is the accumulation or development of certain organic compounds which acts as the osmoprotectants. They are either synthesized by the organism or accumulated from the surrounding environment. The second is the involvement of selective influx of potassium ions into the cytoplasm. This adaptation of K+ influx is limited to certain halophile bacteria of order Halanaerobiales, halophilic archaeal family Halobacteriaceae, and the extremely halophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber.
Q.4. What is the common name given to Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: The common name of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Brewer’s or baker’s yeast.
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